Question 450
After Starlight IP Services deploys link aggregation member continuity to retain a provider logical link when one physical member fails, the primary acceptance check passes (bundle remains operational and distributes traffic over surviving members). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- NSR requires platform and peer-specific feature support.
- A surviving member may not provide the original aggregate capacity.
- Prefix-set maintenance must track legitimate customer expansion.
- Key rotation and credential synchronization must avoid unexpected peering outages.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The relevant boundary of link aggregation member continuity is that a surviving member may not provide the original aggregate capacity. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to NSR control-plane failover in a different scenario where operators need to preserve routing protocol state across a supported redundant control processor switchover. For the deployed link aggregation member continuity approach, the relevant caution is instead that a surviving member may not provide the original aggregate capacity.
C:This concern applies to BGP prefix filtering in a different scenario where operators need to stop a customer's accidental broad route advertisement at the provider ingress. For the deployed link aggregation member continuity approach, the relevant caution is instead that a surviving member may not provide the original aggregate capacity.
D:This concern applies to BGP neighbor TCP authentication in a different scenario where operators need to ensure an external BGP session establishes only with peers possessing the agreed session authentication material. For the deployed link aggregation member continuity approach, the relevant caution is instead that a surviving member may not provide the original aggregate capacity.
Question 451
Northstar Carrier must form LDP adjacency on a provider core link carrying labeled traffic. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?
- LDP label binding verification
- node prefix SID forwarding
- LDP directly connected hello discovery
- SR OAM path verification
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:LDP directly connected hello discovery matches this requirement: the team should enable compatible LDP link discovery on both facing interfaces. A relevant outcome would be that peer discovery identifies both LSRs and the LDP session reaches operational state.
Incorrect Answers
A:LDP label binding verification instead addresses a different condition: check the label binding for a specific IGP destination before enabling a VPN. It would instead require you to inspect local and remote LDP bindings and installed labeled forwarding entries, not the stated goal to form LDP adjacency on a provider core link carrying labeled traffic.
B:node prefix SID forwarding instead addresses a different condition: steer a segment-routed packet to a particular node along its IGP shortest path. It would instead require you to use the node's advertised prefix SID in the appropriate segment list, not the stated goal to form LDP adjacency on a provider core link carrying labeled traffic.
D:SR OAM path verification instead addresses a different condition: confirm that an SR policy actually follows an intended programmed forwarding path. It would instead require you to run supported segment-routing OAM or policy traceroute verification, not the stated goal to form LDP adjacency on a provider core link carrying labeled traffic.
Question 452
At Orion Transit, the engineering change is approved for LDP directly connected hello discovery. The specific goal is to form LDP adjacency on a provider core link carrying labeled traffic. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?
- Inspect local and remote LDP bindings and installed labeled forwarding entries.
- Use the node's advertised prefix SID in the appropriate segment list.
- Run supported segment-routing OAM or policy traceroute verification.
- Enable compatible LDP link discovery on both facing interfaces.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Implementing LDP directly connected hello discovery requires the operator to enable compatible LDP link discovery on both facing interfaces. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that peer discovery identifies both LSRs and the LDP session reaches operational state.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed step is for LDP label binding verification, whose purpose is to check the label binding for a specific IGP destination before enabling a VPN. It would not perform the necessary LDP directly connected hello discovery operation: enable compatible LDP link discovery on both facing interfaces.
B:The proposed step is for node prefix SID forwarding, whose purpose is to steer a segment-routed packet to a particular node along its IGP shortest path. It would not perform the necessary LDP directly connected hello discovery operation: enable compatible LDP link discovery on both facing interfaces.
C:The proposed step is for SR OAM path verification, whose purpose is to confirm that an SR policy actually follows an intended programmed forwarding path. It would not perform the necessary LDP directly connected hello discovery operation: enable compatible LDP link discovery on both facing interfaces.
Question 453
Meridian Networks has deployed LDP directly connected hello discovery to form LDP adjacency on a provider core link carrying labeled traffic. The implementation step was to enable compatible LDP link discovery on both facing interfaces. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?
- Peer discovery identifies both LSRs and the LDP session reaches operational state.
- The expected FEC maps to valid incoming and outgoing label operations.
- The packet reaches the node according to the node-SID shortest-path behavior.
- The probe follows the active SID list and identifies the failing segment if any.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:For LDP directly connected hello discovery, successful verification means that peer discovery identifies both LSRs and the LDP session reaches operational state. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can form LDP adjacency on a provider core link carrying labeled traffic after deployment.
Incorrect Answers
B:The observation would verify LDP label binding verification under the separate requirement to check the label binding for a specific IGP destination before enabling a VPN. It does not demonstrate the needed LDP directly connected hello discovery result: peer discovery identifies both LSRs and the LDP session reaches operational state.
C:The observation would verify node prefix SID forwarding under the separate requirement to steer a segment-routed packet to a particular node along its IGP shortest path. It does not demonstrate the needed LDP directly connected hello discovery result: peer discovery identifies both LSRs and the LDP session reaches operational state.
D:The observation would verify SR OAM path verification under the separate requirement to confirm that an SR policy actually follows an intended programmed forwarding path. It does not demonstrate the needed LDP directly connected hello discovery result: peer discovery identifies both LSRs and the LDP session reaches operational state.
Question 454
While troubleshooting LDP directly connected hello discovery at Kestrel Broadband, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: peer discovery identifies both LSRs and the LDP session reaches operational state. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?
- An LDP neighbor is up but no label binding exists for the target FEC.
- IP routing works but LDP hellos are absent on the transport interface.
- An adjacency SID is chosen expecting globally shortest-path node reachability.
- BGP policy existence is treated as proof that data-plane labels forward correctly.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The suspected defect directly frustrates LDP directly connected hello discovery: IP routing works but LDP hellos are absent on the transport interface. Correcting it should allow verification that peer discovery identifies both LSRs and the LDP session reaches operational state.
Incorrect Answers
A:This defect belongs to LDP label binding verification, where the affected outcome is to check the label binding for a specific IGP destination before enabling a VPN. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the LDP directly connected hello discovery design in this case: IP routing works but LDP hellos are absent on the transport interface.
C:This defect belongs to node prefix SID forwarding, where the affected outcome is to steer a segment-routed packet to a particular node along its IGP shortest path. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the LDP directly connected hello discovery design in this case: IP routing works but LDP hellos are absent on the transport interface.
D:This defect belongs to SR OAM path verification, where the affected outcome is to confirm that an SR policy actually follows an intended programmed forwarding path. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the LDP directly connected hello discovery design in this case: IP routing works but LDP hellos are absent on the transport interface.
Question 455
After Harbor Metro deploys LDP directly connected hello discovery to form LDP adjacency on a provider core link carrying labeled traffic, the primary acceptance check passes (peer discovery identifies both LSRs and the LDP session reaches operational state). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- Missing labels can produce selective packet loss despite healthy routing.
- Node SID path still follows IGP state and can change after failures.
- Label distribution depends on working IGP reachability for mapped prefixes.
- OAM visibility can be limited by platform support and transit policies.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The relevant boundary of LDP directly connected hello discovery is that label distribution depends on working IGP reachability for mapped prefixes. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to LDP label binding verification in a different scenario where operators need to check the label binding for a specific IGP destination before enabling a VPN. For the deployed LDP directly connected hello discovery approach, the relevant caution is instead that label distribution depends on working IGP reachability for mapped prefixes.
B:This concern applies to node prefix SID forwarding in a different scenario where operators need to steer a segment-routed packet to a particular node along its IGP shortest path. For the deployed LDP directly connected hello discovery approach, the relevant caution is instead that label distribution depends on working IGP reachability for mapped prefixes.
D:This concern applies to SR OAM path verification in a different scenario where operators need to confirm that an SR policy actually follows an intended programmed forwarding path. For the deployed LDP directly connected hello discovery approach, the relevant caution is instead that label distribution depends on working IGP reachability for mapped prefixes.
Question 456
Summit Service Provider must maintain a directed label-distribution peer not connected by a single Ethernet hop. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?
- LDP directly connected hello discovery
- DS-TE class type allocation
- TI-LFA link repair
- targeted LDP session
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:targeted LDP session matches this requirement: the team should configure the appropriate targeted LDP discovery and session authentication. A relevant outcome would be that the targeted LDP neighbor establishes across the routed transport path.
Incorrect Answers
A:LDP directly connected hello discovery instead addresses a different condition: form LDP adjacency on a provider core link carrying labeled traffic. It would instead require you to enable compatible LDP link discovery on both facing interfaces, not the stated goal to maintain a directed label-distribution peer not connected by a single Ethernet hop.
B:DS-TE class type allocation instead addresses a different condition: reserve traffic engineering resources separately for differentiated service classes. It would instead require you to apply the intended DS-TE bandwidth constraint model and class-type reservations, not the stated goal to maintain a directed label-distribution peer not connected by a single Ethernet hop.
C:TI-LFA link repair instead addresses a different condition: protect an SR transport link using a loop-free post-convergence backup. It would instead require you to enable supported topology-independent LFA protection in the IGP, not the stated goal to maintain a directed label-distribution peer not connected by a single Ethernet hop.
Question 457
At Ridgeway Networks, the engineering change is approved for targeted LDP session. The specific goal is to maintain a directed label-distribution peer not connected by a single Ethernet hop. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?
- Configure the appropriate targeted LDP discovery and session authentication.
- Enable compatible LDP link discovery on both facing interfaces.
- Apply the intended DS-TE bandwidth constraint model and class-type reservations.
- Enable supported topology-independent LFA protection in the IGP.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Implementing targeted LDP session requires the operator to configure the appropriate targeted LDP discovery and session authentication. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that the targeted LDP neighbor establishes across the routed transport path.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed step is for LDP directly connected hello discovery, whose purpose is to form LDP adjacency on a provider core link carrying labeled traffic. It would not perform the necessary targeted LDP session operation: configure the appropriate targeted LDP discovery and session authentication.
C:The proposed step is for DS-TE class type allocation, whose purpose is to reserve traffic engineering resources separately for differentiated service classes. It would not perform the necessary targeted LDP session operation: configure the appropriate targeted LDP discovery and session authentication.
D:The proposed step is for TI-LFA link repair, whose purpose is to protect an SR transport link using a loop-free post-convergence backup. It would not perform the necessary targeted LDP session operation: configure the appropriate targeted LDP discovery and session authentication.
Question 458
Lakeside Transport has deployed targeted LDP session to maintain a directed label-distribution peer not connected by a single Ethernet hop. The implementation step was to configure the appropriate targeted LDP discovery and session authentication. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?
- Peer discovery identifies both LSRs and the LDP session reaches operational state.
- The targeted LDP neighbor establishes across the routed transport path.
- Admission checks account for class-type availability on the candidate path.
- The local repair path forwards traffic immediately after the primary link fails.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:For targeted LDP session, successful verification means that the targeted LDP neighbor establishes across the routed transport path. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can maintain a directed label-distribution peer not connected by a single Ethernet hop after deployment.
Incorrect Answers
A:The observation would verify LDP directly connected hello discovery under the separate requirement to form LDP adjacency on a provider core link carrying labeled traffic. It does not demonstrate the needed targeted LDP session result: the targeted LDP neighbor establishes across the routed transport path.
C:The observation would verify DS-TE class type allocation under the separate requirement to reserve traffic engineering resources separately for differentiated service classes. It does not demonstrate the needed targeted LDP session result: the targeted LDP neighbor establishes across the routed transport path.
D:The observation would verify TI-LFA link repair under the separate requirement to protect an SR transport link using a loop-free post-convergence backup. It does not demonstrate the needed targeted LDP session result: the targeted LDP neighbor establishes across the routed transport path.
Question 459
While troubleshooting targeted LDP session at Coastal Communications, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: the targeted LDP neighbor establishes across the routed transport path. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?
- IP routing works but LDP hellos are absent on the transport interface.
- All services reserve from one undifferentiated TE bandwidth pool.
- Link-only discovery is expected to discover a nonadjacent peer automatically.
- The router waits for global SPF recomputation before repairing an eligible failure.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The suspected defect directly frustrates targeted LDP session: link-only discovery is expected to discover a nonadjacent peer automatically. Correcting it should allow verification that the targeted LDP neighbor establishes across the routed transport path.
Incorrect Answers
A:This defect belongs to LDP directly connected hello discovery, where the affected outcome is to form LDP adjacency on a provider core link carrying labeled traffic. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the targeted LDP session design in this case: link-only discovery is expected to discover a nonadjacent peer automatically.
B:This defect belongs to DS-TE class type allocation, where the affected outcome is to reserve traffic engineering resources separately for differentiated service classes. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the targeted LDP session design in this case: link-only discovery is expected to discover a nonadjacent peer automatically.
D:This defect belongs to TI-LFA link repair, where the affected outcome is to protect an SR transport link using a loop-free post-convergence backup. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the targeted LDP session design in this case: link-only discovery is expected to discover a nonadjacent peer automatically.
Question 460
After Bluebird Infrastructure deploys targeted LDP session to maintain a directed label-distribution peer not connected by a single Ethernet hop, the primary acceptance check passes (the targeted LDP neighbor establishes across the routed transport path). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- Label distribution depends on working IGP reachability for mapped prefixes.
- DS-TE capacity configuration requires consistent class-to-TE mapping.
- Backup availability and protection type depend on topology and configured tiebreakers.
- Remote LDP signaling still needs end-to-end IP reachability.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The relevant boundary of targeted LDP session is that remote LDP signaling still needs end-to-end IP reachability. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to LDP directly connected hello discovery in a different scenario where operators need to form LDP adjacency on a provider core link carrying labeled traffic. For the deployed targeted LDP session approach, the relevant caution is instead that remote LDP signaling still needs end-to-end IP reachability.
B:This concern applies to DS-TE class type allocation in a different scenario where operators need to reserve traffic engineering resources separately for differentiated service classes. For the deployed targeted LDP session approach, the relevant caution is instead that remote LDP signaling still needs end-to-end IP reachability.
C:This concern applies to TI-LFA link repair in a different scenario where operators need to protect an SR transport link using a loop-free post-convergence backup. For the deployed targeted LDP session approach, the relevant caution is instead that remote LDP signaling still needs end-to-end IP reachability.
Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) (350-501) Practice Tests