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CompTIA SY0-701 Practice Test 15

Question 140

A wireless client is forced off the office Wi-Fi by repeated unauthenticated disconnect frames and reconnects to a stronger lookalike SSID. Which attack sequence is suggested?

  1. A routine switch port negotiation after cable replacement
  2. A corrupted disk partition table
  3. Deauthentication disruption followed by evil-twin association
  4. A standard DNS query retry

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Management-frame disruption can steer a client toward an attacker-operated access point. For this case, a wireless client is forced off the office Wi-Fi by repeated unauthenticated disconnect frames and reconnects to a stronger lookalike SSID. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. The competing choice “A routine switch port negotiation after cable replacement” addresses a different mechanism: the event occurs through wireless disassociation and misleading SSID identity. That difference is material to the requested decision.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The event occurs through wireless disassociation and misleading SSID identity. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. Here the decisive fact is a wireless client is forced off the office Wi-Fi by repeated unauthenticated disconnect frames and reconnects to a stronger lookalike SSID. “Deauthentication disruption followed by evil-twin association” matches that requirement because management-frame disruption can steer a client toward an attacker-operated access point.

B:

Disk layout cannot induce Wi-Fi disconnections toward a fake SSID. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. In the reported situation, a wireless client is forced off the office Wi-Fi by repeated unauthenticated disconnect frames and reconnects to a stronger lookalike SSID. The effective mechanism is “Deauthentication disruption followed by evil-twin association”: management-frame disruption can steer a client toward an attacker-operated access point.

D:

Resolver retries do not require 802.11 disconnect floods or rogue radios. DNS determines how names resolve to network destinations; it is not by itself a mechanism for validating a human identity or code provenance. Here the decisive fact is a wireless client is forced off the office Wi-Fi by repeated unauthenticated disconnect frames and reconnects to a stronger lookalike SSID. “Deauthentication disruption followed by evil-twin association” matches that requirement because management-frame disruption can steer a client toward an attacker-operated access point.

Question 141

A security sensor sees unsolicited ARP replies mapping the gateway IP to a workstation's MAC address, followed by traffic routed through that workstation. What technique is likely?

  1. ARP spoofing used for on-path interception
  2. An encrypted backup transfer over HTTPS
  3. Routine NTP clock drift correction
  4. A legitimate certificate renewal

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

False layer-2 address mapping can divert same-segment traffic via an attacker device. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. The case turns on followed by traffic routed through that workstation; “ARP spoofing used for on-path interception” addresses that precise condition. “An encrypted backup transfer over HTTPS” is not equivalent because transport protection alone does not explain address resolution manipulation. The analyst should corroborate the unexpected IP-to-MAC binding with switch and traffic observations before containment, since a changed gateway mapping can redirect local traffic.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Transport protection alone does not explain address resolution manipulation. Backups and replicated copies mainly serve recovery and resilience; they do not inherently prevent an attacker from obtaining present access. In the reported situation, followed by traffic routed through that workstation. The effective mechanism is “ARP spoofing used for on-path interception”: false layer-2 address mapping can divert same-segment traffic via an attacker device.

C:

Time synchronization does not change gateway-to-MAC bindings. The evidence is followed by traffic routed through that workstation. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. By contrast, “ARP spoofing used for on-path interception” operates on the specific concern: false layer-2 address mapping can divert same-segment traffic via an attacker device.

D:

Certificate trust does not require false ARP cache mapping. A certificate check is about peer identity, signer trust or revocation. It cannot replace a separate application permission or endpoint control. Here the decisive fact is followed by traffic routed through that workstation. “ARP spoofing used for on-path interception” matches that requirement because false layer-2 address mapping can divert same-segment traffic via an attacker device.

Question 142

An API accepts the same captured signed transaction twice because it never tracks transaction identifiers or expiry. What attack class does this illustrate?

  1. Credential brute force against a login form
  2. Replay of a previously valid authenticated request
  3. Stored XSS in an unrelated blog
  4. A hardware power failure during encryption

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

A valid message is reused out of context when the receiver lacks freshness checks. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. The stated evidence is it never tracks transaction identifiers or expiry. This distinction rules out “Credential brute force against a login form”: the attacker reuses an accepted message rather than guessing a secret. “Replay of a previously valid authenticated request” addresses the specific security outcome rather than the separate function that alternative performs.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The attacker reuses an accepted message rather than guessing a secret. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. Here the decisive fact is it never tracks transaction identifiers or expiry. “Replay of a previously valid authenticated request” matches that requirement because a valid message is reused out of context when the receiver lacks freshness checks.

C:

No browser script injection is necessary to resubmit the transaction. The evidence is it never tracks transaction identifiers or expiry. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. By contrast, “Replay of a previously valid authenticated request” operates on the specific concern: a valid message is reused out of context when the receiver lacks freshness checks.

D:

Power events do not cause the server to accept duplicate signed requests. Encryption addresses readability of protected data. Authentication, correct permissions and availability must still be enforced separately. Here the decisive fact is it never tracks transaction identifiers or expiry. “Replay of a previously valid authenticated request” matches that requirement because a valid message is reused out of context when the receiver lacks freshness checks.

Question 143

A sign-in service receives one commonly used password attempted against hundreds of usernames within two minutes. Which credential attack pattern fits best?

  1. Credential stuffing with a distinct leaked password per user
  2. Offline dictionary attack against a stolen hash database
  3. Session hijacking after a user authenticates
  4. Password spraying across many accounts

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The same candidate password is tested widely, often to avoid account-specific lockout thresholds. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. The case turns on a sign-in service receives one commonly used password attempted against hundreds of usernames within two minutes; “Password spraying across many accounts” addresses that precise condition. “Credential stuffing with a distinct leaked password per user” is not equivalent because stuffing generally tries known username/password combinations rather than one shared password.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Stuffing generally tries known username/password combinations rather than one shared password. Authentication checks a claimant, but it does not automatically narrow resource privileges or invalidate a different leaked secret. Here the decisive fact is a sign-in service receives one commonly used password attempted against hundreds of usernames within two minutes. “Password spraying across many accounts” matches that requirement because the same candidate password is tested widely, often to avoid account-specific lockout thresholds.

B:

No acquired hash database or local cracking is present. Integrity evidence helps detect unauthorized changes only when compared with a trusted reference; it is not a substitute for authorization or confidentiality. In the reported situation, a sign-in service receives one commonly used password attempted against hundreds of usernames within two minutes. The effective mechanism is “Password spraying across many accounts”: the same candidate password is tested widely, often to avoid account-specific lockout thresholds.

C:

The event consists of login attempts, not theft of an established session. The evidence is a sign-in service receives one commonly used password attempted against hundreds of usernames within two minutes. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. By contrast, “Password spraying across many accounts” operates on the specific concern: the same candidate password is tested widely, often to avoid account-specific lockout thresholds.

Question 144

An attacker submits thousands of username-password pairs from a published breach list to a different consumer portal. Which technique is being attempted?

  1. Credential stuffing using reused leaked pairs
  2. Password spraying of one corporate default password
  3. DNS cache poisoning on public resolvers
  4. An authorization bypass through an object ID

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The attacker relies on victims reusing compromised credentials across services. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. The case turns on an attacker submits thousands of username-password pairs from a published breach list to a different consumer portal; “Credential stuffing using reused leaked pairs” addresses that precise condition. “Password spraying of one corporate default password” is not equivalent because each account has its own purported leaked password, unlike a single common guess.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Each account has its own purported leaked password, unlike a single common guess. Authentication checks a claimant, but it does not automatically narrow resource privileges or invalidate a different leaked secret. In the reported situation, an attacker submits thousands of username-password pairs from a published breach list to a different consumer portal. The effective mechanism is “Credential stuffing using reused leaked pairs”: the attacker relies on victims reusing compromised credentials across services.

C:

Name-resolution manipulation is not required to submit login pairs. The evidence is an attacker submits thousands of username-password pairs from a published breach list to a different consumer portal. DNS determines how names resolve to network destinations; it is not by itself a mechanism for validating a human identity or code provenance. By contrast, “Credential stuffing using reused leaked pairs” operates on the specific concern: the attacker relies on victims reusing compromised credentials across services.

D:

The attacker first tries to authenticate with stolen credentials. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. Here the decisive fact is an attacker submits thousands of username-password pairs from a published breach list to a different consumer portal. “Credential stuffing using reused leaked pairs” matches that requirement because the attacker relies on victims reusing compromised credentials across services.

Question 145

A user's account signs in successfully from Tokyo and, four minutes later, a second successful session starts in São Paulo without trusted proxy use. Which analytic indicator warrants investigation?

  1. Proof of a denial-of-service attack
  2. Impossible travel inconsistent with ordinary user movement
  3. Confirmation that a software patch failed
  4. Evidence that the user certainly traveled normally

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Geographically incompatible successive logins may indicate session theft, shared credentials or anomalous routing. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. The stated evidence is a second successful session starts in São Paulo without trusted proxy use. This distinction rules out “Evidence that the user certainly traveled normally”: the time and distance contradict plausible direct travel. “Impossible travel inconsistent with ordinary user movement” addresses the specific security outcome rather than the separate function that alternative performs.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Both observations are valid logins rather than volume-based service saturation. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. Here the decisive fact is a second successful session starts in São Paulo without trusted proxy use. “Impossible travel inconsistent with ordinary user movement” matches that requirement because geographically incompatible successive logins may indicate session theft, shared credentials or anomalous routing.

C:

No patch installation outcome appears in the authentication events. The evidence is a second successful session starts in São Paulo without trusted proxy use. Patches address known software faults, but deployment must also preserve service compatibility and verify that the vulnerable component was actually replaced. By contrast, “Impossible travel inconsistent with ordinary user movement” operates on the specific concern: geographically incompatible successive logins may indicate session theft, shared credentials or anomalous routing.

D:

The time and distance contradict plausible direct travel. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. Here the decisive fact is a second successful session starts in São Paulo without trusted proxy use. “Impossible travel inconsistent with ordinary user movement” matches that requirement because geographically incompatible successive logins may indicate session theft, shared credentials or anomalous routing.

Question 146

At 03:12 a privileged account clears the Windows security log, and the same account then changes scheduled tasks. What suspicious pattern should the analyst identify?

  1. Automatic patch validation
  2. Expected user logout cleanup
  3. A normal file backup rotation
  4. Defense evasion by tampering with audit evidence

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Log clearing just before privileged persistence changes may conceal the account's subsequent actions. Security logs support attribution and event sequence, but only if protected from alteration and correlated with the activity preceding and following the suspicious change. The case turns on and the same account then changes scheduled tasks; “Defense evasion by tampering with audit evidence” addresses that precise condition. “A normal file backup rotation” is not equivalent because backup lifecycle should not erase the security event channel during task changes.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A patch does not normally require erasing security records before creating scheduled tasks. Patches address known software faults, but deployment must also preserve service compatibility and verify that the vulnerable component was actually replaced. Here the decisive fact is and the same account then changes scheduled tasks. “Defense evasion by tampering with audit evidence” matches that requirement because log clearing just before privileged persistence changes may conceal the account's subsequent actions.

B:

Logging out does not need privileged event-log deletion. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. In the reported situation, and the same account then changes scheduled tasks. The effective mechanism is “Defense evasion by tampering with audit evidence”: log clearing just before privileged persistence changes may conceal the account's subsequent actions.

C:

Backup lifecycle should not erase the security event channel during task changes. The evidence is and the same account then changes scheduled tasks. Backups and replicated copies mainly serve recovery and resilience; they do not inherently prevent an attacker from obtaining present access. By contrast, “Defense evasion by tampering with audit evidence” operates on the specific concern: log clearing just before privileged persistence changes may conceal the account's subsequent actions.

Question 147

A database server sends large volumes of compressed records to a newly registered external domain using periodic HTTPS posts outside business hours. What behavior deserves priority investigation?

  1. An inbound volumetric denial of service
  2. A standard authenticated backup to a pinned approved vault
  3. Possible covert data exfiltration over encrypted outbound traffic
  4. Routine host name resolution from clients

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Unexpected high-volume record transfers to a new destination indicate potential unauthorized disclosure. For this case, a database server sends large volumes of compressed records to a newly registered external domain using periodic HTTPS posts outside business hours. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. The competing choice “A standard authenticated backup to a pinned approved vault” addresses a different mechanism: the destination is unapproved and newly registered, not the documented backup service. That difference is material to the requested decision.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The unusual direction is outbound transfer, not a flood blocking ingress. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. Here the decisive fact is a database server sends large volumes of compressed records to a newly registered external domain using periodic HTTPS posts outside business hours. “Possible covert data exfiltration over encrypted outbound traffic” matches that requirement because unexpected high-volume record transfers to a new destination indicate potential unauthorized disclosure.

B:

The destination is unapproved and newly registered, not the documented backup service. Backups and replicated copies mainly serve recovery and resilience; they do not inherently prevent an attacker from obtaining present access. In the reported situation, a database server sends large volumes of compressed records to a newly registered external domain using periodic HTTPS posts outside business hours. The effective mechanism is “Possible covert data exfiltration over encrypted outbound traffic”: unexpected high-volume record transfers to a new destination indicate potential unauthorized disclosure.

D:

Compressed record uploads are materially different from small DNS lookups. DNS determines how names resolve to network destinations; it is not by itself a mechanism for validating a human identity or code provenance. Here the decisive fact is a database server sends large volumes of compressed records to a newly registered external domain using periodic HTTPS posts outside business hours. “Possible covert data exfiltration over encrypted outbound traffic” matches that requirement because unexpected high-volume record transfers to a new destination indicate potential unauthorized disclosure.

Question 148

A compromised server overwrites backups and partition metadata without making payment demands, leaving machines unbootable. Which malware impact is most consistent?

  1. Benign disk defragmentation
  2. Destructive wiper activity targeting recovery paths
  3. Credential harvesting by a browser extension
  4. A scheduled archive cleanup with verified retention

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Deleting system metadata and backups aims to make restoration difficult, not necessarily to extort. Recovery controls have to be tested against actual restore requirements and isolated from the same compromise path; possessing a backup is not evidence that a timely, usable restoration is possible. The stated evidence is a compromised server overwrites backups and partition metadata without making payment demands, leaving machines unbootable. This distinction rules out “A scheduled archive cleanup with verified retention”: the impact destroys active boot structures and protected backups beyond approved lifecycle policy. “Destructive wiper activity targeting recovery paths” addresses the specific security outcome rather than the separate function that alternative performs.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Defragmentation preserves readable file content and boot metadata. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. Here the decisive fact is a compromised server overwrites backups and partition metadata without making payment demands, leaving machines unbootable. “Destructive wiper activity targeting recovery paths” matches that requirement because deleting system metadata and backups aims to make restoration difficult, not necessarily to extort.

C:

The stated activity destroys disks instead of collecting sign-in data. The evidence is a compromised server overwrites backups and partition metadata without making payment demands, leaving machines unbootable. Browser and web-origin mechanisms affect one request path; the right diagnosis depends on whether the client or trusted server is performing the sensitive action. By contrast, “Destructive wiper activity targeting recovery paths” operates on the specific concern: deleting system metadata and backups aims to make restoration difficult, not necessarily to extort.

D:

The impact destroys active boot structures and protected backups beyond approved lifecycle policy. Retention and storage policies determine evidence availability and lifecycle; they do not automatically solve the active permission failure. Here the decisive fact is a compromised server overwrites backups and partition metadata without making payment demands, leaving machines unbootable. “Destructive wiper activity targeting recovery paths” matches that requirement because deleting system metadata and backups aims to make restoration difficult, not necessarily to extort.

Question 149

A host makes a small outbound encrypted connection every 73 seconds to the same unusual domain with nearly identical byte counts. Which behavioral clue may indicate command and control?

  1. A user uploading a large video once
  2. Periodic beaconing to a remote controller
  3. A power outage repeatedly rebooting the router
  4. A burst of inbound failed SSH logins

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Regular low-volume check-ins can signal automated host-to-operator communication. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. The stated evidence is a host makes a small outbound encrypted connection every 73 seconds to the same unusual domain with nearly identical byte counts. This distinction rules out “A power outage repeatedly rebooting the router”: a router outage does not by itself establish deterministic process-driven HTTPS contact. “Periodic beaconing to a remote controller” addresses the specific security outcome rather than the separate function that alternative performs.

Incorrect Answers

A:

One large voluntary transfer is unlike fixed-interval small requests. Cameras are primarily detective: they observe or preserve evidence, but a recording is not equivalent to preventing the observed act. Here the decisive fact is a host makes a small outbound encrypted connection every 73 seconds to the same unusual domain with nearly identical byte counts. “Periodic beaconing to a remote controller” matches that requirement because regular low-volume check-ins can signal automated host-to-operator communication.

C:

A router outage does not by itself establish deterministic process-driven HTTPS contact. The evidence is a host makes a small outbound encrypted connection every 73 seconds to the same unusual domain with nearly identical byte counts. Network restrictions govern allowed flows and trust boundaries, not every application-layer input or business permission. By contrast, “Periodic beaconing to a remote controller” operates on the specific concern: regular low-volume check-ins can signal automated host-to-operator communication.

D:

Authentication probes have different direction and event types. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. Here the decisive fact is a host makes a small outbound encrypted connection every 73 seconds to the same unusual domain with nearly identical byte counts. “Periodic beaconing to a remote controller” matches that requirement because regular low-volume check-ins can signal automated host-to-operator communication.

Question 150

A trusted employee's Wi-Fi badge suddenly produces building entries in two distant sites minutes apart, and reader identifiers share cloned UID data. Which physical attack is plausible?

  1. Normal password-expiration behavior
  2. Database transaction rollback
  3. RFID credential cloning or copied badge identifier
  4. Cross-site DNS load balancing

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Duplicate credential identity at incompatible locations suggests token copying or reader spoofing. For this case, and reader identifiers share cloned UID data. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. The competing choice “Normal password-expiration behavior” addresses a different mechanism: computer account password changes do not clone building access tokens. That difference is material to the requested decision. Incompatible simultaneous badge sightings should trigger validation of access-reader logs and physical custody; a cloned identifier is a plausible cause, not proof of who used it.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Computer account password changes do not clone building access tokens. Authentication checks a claimant, but it does not automatically narrow resource privileges or invalidate a different leaked secret. Here the decisive fact is and reader identifiers share cloned UID data. “RFID credential cloning or copied badge identifier” matches that requirement because duplicate credential identity at incompatible locations suggests token copying or reader spoofing.

B:

Rollback can revert records but does not create a second active physical badge identity. Malware and active-attack categories are distinguished by their observed payload behavior, spread mechanism, access path and outcome. In the reported situation, and reader identifiers share cloned UID data. The effective mechanism is “RFID credential cloning or copied badge identifier”: duplicate credential identity at incompatible locations suggests token copying or reader spoofing.

D:

Name resolution does not account for physical badge observations. DNS determines how names resolve to network destinations; it is not by itself a mechanism for validating a human identity or code provenance. Here the decisive fact is and reader identifiers share cloned UID data. “RFID credential cloning or copied badge identifier” matches that requirement because duplicate credential identity at incompatible locations suggests token copying or reader spoofing.


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