Question 270
After Starlight IP Services deploys OSPF route summarization to reduce inter-area LSA volume for contiguous customer prefixes, the primary acceptance check passes (the backbone sees the intended aggregate while detail remains within the area). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- All prefixes using the same OSPF route may change together.
- Bad summaries can blackhole destinations absent from the actual aggregate.
- The area correction may affect summarization and route propagation.
- NAT state and port exhaustion can restrict subscriber scale.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The relevant boundary of OSPF route summarization is that bad summaries can blackhole destinations absent from the actual aggregate. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to OSPF interface cost control in a different scenario where operators need to favor a specific provider link with shorter calculated OSPF path cost. For the deployed OSPF route summarization approach, the relevant caution is instead that bad summaries can blackhole destinations absent from the actual aggregate.
C:This concern applies to OSPF area mismatch diagnosis in a different scenario where operators need to recover adjacency on a link whose routers are configured in different areas. For the deployed OSPF route summarization approach, the relevant caution is instead that bad summaries can blackhole destinations absent from the actual aggregate.
D:This concern applies to CGNAT address sharing logging in a different scenario where operators need to serve multiple IPv4 subscribers from shared public address resources. For the deployed OSPF route summarization approach, the relevant caution is instead that bad summaries can blackhole destinations absent from the actual aggregate.
Question 271
Northstar Carrier must prevent unauthenticated route participation across a core adjacency. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?
- OSPF route summarization
- BGP additional-path diversity
- OSPF authentication consistency
- BGP IPv6 address family
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:OSPF authentication consistency matches this requirement: the team should configure matching supported OSPF authentication and key material. A relevant outcome would be that the neighbor relation is established with authentication enforced.
Incorrect Answers
A:OSPF route summarization instead addresses a different condition: reduce inter-area LSA volume for contiguous customer prefixes. It would instead require you to advertise an appropriate summary at the area boundary, not the stated goal to prevent unauthenticated route participation across a core adjacency.
B:BGP additional-path diversity instead addresses a different condition: share more than one eligible path for a single prefix with supporting peers. It would instead require you to enable supported BGP additional-path selection and send/receive capabilities, not the stated goal to prevent unauthenticated route participation across a core adjacency.
D:BGP IPv6 address family instead addresses a different condition: exchange IPv6 unicast reachability on an existing BGP transport session. It would instead require you to activate the IPv6 address family for the intended BGP neighbor, not the stated goal to prevent unauthenticated route participation across a core adjacency.
Question 272
At Orion Transit, the engineering change is approved for OSPF authentication consistency. The specific goal is to prevent unauthenticated route participation across a core adjacency. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?
- Advertise an appropriate summary at the area boundary.
- Enable supported BGP additional-path selection and send/receive capabilities.
- Activate the IPv6 address family for the intended BGP neighbor.
- Configure matching supported OSPF authentication and key material.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Implementing OSPF authentication consistency requires the operator to configure matching supported OSPF authentication and key material. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that the neighbor relation is established with authentication enforced.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed step is for OSPF route summarization, whose purpose is to reduce inter-area LSA volume for contiguous customer prefixes. It would not perform the necessary OSPF authentication consistency operation: configure matching supported OSPF authentication and key material.
B:The proposed step is for BGP additional-path diversity, whose purpose is to share more than one eligible path for a single prefix with supporting peers. It would not perform the necessary OSPF authentication consistency operation: configure matching supported OSPF authentication and key material.
C:The proposed step is for BGP IPv6 address family, whose purpose is to exchange IPv6 unicast reachability on an existing BGP transport session. It would not perform the necessary OSPF authentication consistency operation: configure matching supported OSPF authentication and key material.
Question 273
Meridian Networks has deployed OSPF authentication consistency to prevent unauthenticated route participation across a core adjacency. The implementation step was to configure matching supported OSPF authentication and key material. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?
- The neighbor relation is established with authentication enforced.
- The backbone sees the intended aggregate while detail remains within the area.
- Neighbors receive distinct path identifiers and retain the selected alternatives.
- BGP IPv6 NLRI is present in the neighbor address-family table.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:For OSPF authentication consistency, successful verification means that the neighbor relation is established with authentication enforced. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can prevent unauthenticated route participation across a core adjacency after deployment.
Incorrect Answers
B:The observation would verify OSPF route summarization under the separate requirement to reduce inter-area LSA volume for contiguous customer prefixes. It does not demonstrate the needed OSPF authentication consistency result: the neighbor relation is established with authentication enforced.
C:The observation would verify BGP additional-path diversity under the separate requirement to share more than one eligible path for a single prefix with supporting peers. It does not demonstrate the needed OSPF authentication consistency result: the neighbor relation is established with authentication enforced.
D:The observation would verify BGP IPv6 address family under the separate requirement to exchange IPv6 unicast reachability on an existing BGP transport session. It does not demonstrate the needed OSPF authentication consistency result: the neighbor relation is established with authentication enforced.
Question 274
While troubleshooting OSPF authentication consistency at Kestrel Broadband, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: the neighbor relation is established with authentication enforced. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?
- Individual unrelated prefixes are redistributed without summary control.
- One router accepts unauthenticated hellos while the other expects integrity checks.
- A conventional single-best-path advertisement is assumed to include backups.
- Only IPv4 unicast is enabled and IPv6 advertisements remain absent.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The suspected defect directly frustrates OSPF authentication consistency: one router accepts unauthenticated hellos while the other expects integrity checks. Correcting it should allow verification that the neighbor relation is established with authentication enforced.
Incorrect Answers
A:This defect belongs to OSPF route summarization, where the affected outcome is to reduce inter-area LSA volume for contiguous customer prefixes. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the OSPF authentication consistency design in this case: one router accepts unauthenticated hellos while the other expects integrity checks.
C:This defect belongs to BGP additional-path diversity, where the affected outcome is to share more than one eligible path for a single prefix with supporting peers. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the OSPF authentication consistency design in this case: one router accepts unauthenticated hellos while the other expects integrity checks.
D:This defect belongs to BGP IPv6 address family, where the affected outcome is to exchange IPv6 unicast reachability on an existing BGP transport session. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the OSPF authentication consistency design in this case: one router accepts unauthenticated hellos while the other expects integrity checks.
Question 275
After Harbor Metro deploys OSPF authentication consistency to prevent unauthenticated route participation across a core adjacency, the primary acceptance check passes (the neighbor relation is established with authentication enforced). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- Bad summaries can blackhole destinations absent from the actual aggregate.
- Additional-path capability must be negotiated and policy-driven.
- Key rollover must avoid transient adjacency loss.
- IPv6 next-hop reachability must be valid even if TCP uses IPv4.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The relevant boundary of OSPF authentication consistency is that key rollover must avoid transient adjacency loss. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to OSPF route summarization in a different scenario where operators need to reduce inter-area LSA volume for contiguous customer prefixes. For the deployed OSPF authentication consistency approach, the relevant caution is instead that key rollover must avoid transient adjacency loss.
B:This concern applies to BGP additional-path diversity in a different scenario where operators need to share more than one eligible path for a single prefix with supporting peers. For the deployed OSPF authentication consistency approach, the relevant caution is instead that key rollover must avoid transient adjacency loss.
D:This concern applies to BGP IPv6 address family in a different scenario where operators need to exchange IPv6 unicast reachability on an existing BGP transport session. For the deployed OSPF authentication consistency approach, the relevant caution is instead that key rollover must avoid transient adjacency loss.
Question 276
Summit Service Provider must choose between internal-cost-aware and fixed-external-cost path treatment. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?
- OSPF stub area constraint
- IS-IS wide metric scale
- IS-IS conditional default route
- OSPF external metric distinction
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:OSPF external metric distinction matches this requirement: the team should apply the required OSPF external metric type under the redistribution policy. A relevant outcome would be that external path selection follows the declared Type-1 or Type-2 cost behavior.
Incorrect Answers
A:OSPF stub area constraint instead addresses a different condition: limit Type-5 external LSAs within a supported stub area. It would instead require you to configure consistent stub-area settings on all routers in the area, not the stated goal to choose between internal-cost-aware and fixed-external-cost path treatment.
B:IS-IS wide metric scale instead addresses a different condition: use traffic-engineering metric values beyond the narrow-metric limit. It would instead require you to enable supported wide-metric processing for the provider IS-IS domain, not the stated goal to choose between internal-cost-aware and fixed-external-cost path treatment.
C:IS-IS conditional default route instead addresses a different condition: advertise a default route only under a defined service-availability condition. It would instead require you to apply default-origination with a route policy matching the required upstream state, not the stated goal to choose between internal-cost-aware and fixed-external-cost path treatment.
Question 277
At Ridgeway Networks, the engineering change is approved for OSPF external metric distinction. The specific goal is to choose between internal-cost-aware and fixed-external-cost path treatment. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?
- Apply the required OSPF external metric type under the redistribution policy.
- Configure consistent stub-area settings on all routers in the area.
- Enable supported wide-metric processing for the provider IS-IS domain.
- Apply default-origination with a route policy matching the required upstream state.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Implementing OSPF external metric distinction requires the operator to apply the required OSPF external metric type under the redistribution policy. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that external path selection follows the declared Type-1 or Type-2 cost behavior.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed step is for OSPF stub area constraint, whose purpose is to limit Type-5 external LSAs within a supported stub area. It would not perform the necessary OSPF external metric distinction operation: apply the required OSPF external metric type under the redistribution policy.
C:The proposed step is for IS-IS wide metric scale, whose purpose is to use traffic-engineering metric values beyond the narrow-metric limit. It would not perform the necessary OSPF external metric distinction operation: apply the required OSPF external metric type under the redistribution policy.
D:The proposed step is for IS-IS conditional default route, whose purpose is to advertise a default route only under a defined service-availability condition. It would not perform the necessary OSPF external metric distinction operation: apply the required OSPF external metric type under the redistribution policy.
Question 278
Lakeside Transport has deployed OSPF external metric distinction to choose between internal-cost-aware and fixed-external-cost path treatment. The implementation step was to apply the required OSPF external metric type under the redistribution policy. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?
- The stub area uses required default routing without external Type-5 LSAs.
- External path selection follows the declared Type-1 or Type-2 cost behavior.
- Neighbors accept the extended metric information and compute expected SPF.
- The default appears when upstream reachability is valid and disappears when not.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:For OSPF external metric distinction, successful verification means that external path selection follows the declared Type-1 or Type-2 cost behavior. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can choose between internal-cost-aware and fixed-external-cost path treatment after deployment.
Incorrect Answers
A:The observation would verify OSPF stub area constraint under the separate requirement to limit Type-5 external LSAs within a supported stub area. It does not demonstrate the needed OSPF external metric distinction result: external path selection follows the declared Type-1 or Type-2 cost behavior.
C:The observation would verify IS-IS wide metric scale under the separate requirement to use traffic-engineering metric values beyond the narrow-metric limit. It does not demonstrate the needed OSPF external metric distinction result: external path selection follows the declared Type-1 or Type-2 cost behavior.
D:The observation would verify IS-IS conditional default route under the separate requirement to advertise a default route only under a defined service-availability condition. It does not demonstrate the needed OSPF external metric distinction result: external path selection follows the declared Type-1 or Type-2 cost behavior.
Question 279
While troubleshooting OSPF external metric distinction at Coastal Communications, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: external path selection follows the declared Type-1 or Type-2 cost behavior. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?
- One neighbor keeps normal-area settings and the stub adjacency fails.
- A large metric is configured while peers process only narrow metric encoding.
- A Type-2 advertisement is assumed to accumulate internal cost like Type-1.
- Unconditional default origination persists through loss of the provider exit.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The suspected defect directly frustrates OSPF external metric distinction: a Type-2 advertisement is assumed to accumulate internal cost like Type-1. Correcting it should allow verification that external path selection follows the declared Type-1 or Type-2 cost behavior.
Incorrect Answers
A:This defect belongs to OSPF stub area constraint, where the affected outcome is to limit Type-5 external LSAs within a supported stub area. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the OSPF external metric distinction design in this case: a Type-2 advertisement is assumed to accumulate internal cost like Type-1.
B:This defect belongs to IS-IS wide metric scale, where the affected outcome is to use traffic-engineering metric values beyond the narrow-metric limit. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the OSPF external metric distinction design in this case: a Type-2 advertisement is assumed to accumulate internal cost like Type-1.
D:This defect belongs to IS-IS conditional default route, where the affected outcome is to advertise a default route only under a defined service-availability condition. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the OSPF external metric distinction design in this case: a Type-2 advertisement is assumed to accumulate internal cost like Type-1.
Question 280
After Bluebird Infrastructure deploys OSPF external metric distinction to choose between internal-cost-aware and fixed-external-cost path treatment, the primary acceptance check passes (external path selection follows the declared Type-1 or Type-2 cost behavior). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- A stub area cannot independently host an ordinary ASBR advertising externals.
- Mismatched metric styles can produce inconsistent path selection.
- The route policy must react to the chosen upstream liveness signal.
- External-metric design needs consistency to avoid unexpected provider exits.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The relevant boundary of OSPF external metric distinction is that external-metric design needs consistency to avoid unexpected provider exits. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to OSPF stub area constraint in a different scenario where operators need to limit Type-5 external LSAs within a supported stub area. For the deployed OSPF external metric distinction approach, the relevant caution is instead that external-metric design needs consistency to avoid unexpected provider exits.
B:This concern applies to IS-IS wide metric scale in a different scenario where operators need to use traffic-engineering metric values beyond the narrow-metric limit. For the deployed OSPF external metric distinction approach, the relevant caution is instead that external-metric design needs consistency to avoid unexpected provider exits.
C:This concern applies to IS-IS conditional default route in a different scenario where operators need to advertise a default route only under a defined service-availability condition. For the deployed OSPF external metric distinction approach, the relevant caution is instead that external-metric design needs consistency to avoid unexpected provider exits.
Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) (350-501) Practice Tests