Question 250
After Bluebird Infrastructure deploys OSPF designated router election to reduce adjacency overhead on a shared broadcast Ethernet segment, the primary acceptance check passes (the intended DR and BDR appear in OSPF neighbor and interface status). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- A core-facing interface must not be made passive by mistake.
- DR priority changes alone do not always trigger immediate reelection.
- Key rotation and credential synchronization must avoid unexpected peering outages.
- Multiple NET area addresses on one router must keep its system ID consistent.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The relevant boundary of OSPF designated router election is that DR priority changes alone do not always trigger immediate reelection. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to OSPF passive customer subnet in a different scenario where operators need to advertise an access subnet without accepting routing hellos from its subscribers. For the deployed OSPF designated router election approach, the relevant caution is instead that DR priority changes alone do not always trigger immediate reelection.
C:This concern applies to BGP neighbor TCP authentication in a different scenario where operators need to ensure an external BGP session establishes only with peers possessing the agreed session authentication material. For the deployed OSPF designated router election approach, the relevant caution is instead that DR priority changes alone do not always trigger immediate reelection.
D:This concern applies to IS-IS NET system identity in a different scenario where operators need to ensure two routers in the same IS-IS domain have distinct system identifiers. For the deployed OSPF designated router election approach, the relevant caution is instead that DR priority changes alone do not always trigger immediate reelection.
Question 251
Horizon Exchange must favor a specific provider link with shorter calculated OSPF path cost. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?
- OSPF hello dead timer mismatch
- OSPF area mismatch diagnosis
- OSPF interface cost control
- BFD cross-protocol fast detection
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:OSPF interface cost control matches this requirement: the team should set an appropriate OSPF interface cost rather than changing BGP policy. A relevant outcome would be that the SPF tree and installed next hop reflect the new cumulative cost.
Incorrect Answers
A:OSPF hello dead timer mismatch instead addresses a different condition: repair a failed OSPF neighbor relationship caused by unequal hello or dead intervals. It would instead require you to align the OSPF hello and dead timer values at both ends, not the stated goal to favor a specific provider link with shorter calculated OSPF path cost.
B:OSPF area mismatch diagnosis instead addresses a different condition: recover adjacency on a link whose routers are configured in different areas. It would instead require you to place both sides in the intended matching OSPF area, not the stated goal to favor a specific provider link with shorter calculated OSPF path cost.
D:BFD cross-protocol fast detection instead addresses a different condition: provide a common rapid link-failure signal to multiple supported routing protocols. It would instead require you to establish BFD sessions and bind the required routing clients to them, not the stated goal to favor a specific provider link with shorter calculated OSPF path cost.
Question 252
At Cedar Wireless, the engineering change is approved for OSPF interface cost control. The specific goal is to favor a specific provider link with shorter calculated OSPF path cost. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?
- Align the OSPF hello and dead timer values at both ends.
- Place both sides in the intended matching OSPF area.
- Establish BFD sessions and bind the required routing clients to them.
- Set an appropriate OSPF interface cost rather than changing BGP policy.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Implementing OSPF interface cost control requires the operator to set an appropriate OSPF interface cost rather than changing BGP policy. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that the SPF tree and installed next hop reflect the new cumulative cost.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed step is for OSPF hello dead timer mismatch, whose purpose is to repair a failed OSPF neighbor relationship caused by unequal hello or dead intervals. It would not perform the necessary OSPF interface cost control operation: set an appropriate OSPF interface cost rather than changing BGP policy.
B:The proposed step is for OSPF area mismatch diagnosis, whose purpose is to recover adjacency on a link whose routers are configured in different areas. It would not perform the necessary OSPF interface cost control operation: set an appropriate OSPF interface cost rather than changing BGP policy.
C:The proposed step is for BFD cross-protocol fast detection, whose purpose is to provide a common rapid link-failure signal to multiple supported routing protocols. It would not perform the necessary OSPF interface cost control operation: set an appropriate OSPF interface cost rather than changing BGP policy.
Question 253
Willow Regional has deployed OSPF interface cost control to favor a specific provider link with shorter calculated OSPF path cost. The implementation step was to set an appropriate OSPF interface cost rather than changing BGP policy. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?
- The SPF tree and installed next hop reflect the new cumulative cost.
- Neighbor state progresses to Full under stable hello exchange.
- Hello packets result in a valid adjacency and shared link-state database.
- A forwarding loss transitions BFD Down and triggers the enrolled protocols.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:For OSPF interface cost control, successful verification means that the SPF tree and installed next hop reflect the new cumulative cost. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can favor a specific provider link with shorter calculated OSPF path cost after deployment.
Incorrect Answers
B:The observation would verify OSPF hello dead timer mismatch under the separate requirement to repair a failed OSPF neighbor relationship caused by unequal hello or dead intervals. It does not demonstrate the needed OSPF interface cost control result: the SPF tree and installed next hop reflect the new cumulative cost.
C:The observation would verify OSPF area mismatch diagnosis under the separate requirement to recover adjacency on a link whose routers are configured in different areas. It does not demonstrate the needed OSPF interface cost control result: the SPF tree and installed next hop reflect the new cumulative cost.
D:The observation would verify BFD cross-protocol fast detection under the separate requirement to provide a common rapid link-failure signal to multiple supported routing protocols. It does not demonstrate the needed OSPF interface cost control result: the SPF tree and installed next hop reflect the new cumulative cost.
Question 254
While troubleshooting OSPF interface cost control at Atlas Backbone, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: the SPF tree and installed next hop reflect the new cumulative cost. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?
- Only a BGP route-policy is modified while OSPF timers still differ.
- A local preference change is attempted even though only OSPF chooses the path.
- DR priority is changed although the OSPF area IDs remain incompatible.
- Interface counters are polled slowly while adjacency failover requires rapid detection.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The suspected defect directly frustrates OSPF interface cost control: a local preference change is attempted even though only OSPF chooses the path. Correcting it should allow verification that the SPF tree and installed next hop reflect the new cumulative cost.
Incorrect Answers
A:This defect belongs to OSPF hello dead timer mismatch, where the affected outcome is to repair a failed OSPF neighbor relationship caused by unequal hello or dead intervals. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the OSPF interface cost control design in this case: a local preference change is attempted even though only OSPF chooses the path.
C:This defect belongs to OSPF area mismatch diagnosis, where the affected outcome is to recover adjacency on a link whose routers are configured in different areas. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the OSPF interface cost control design in this case: a local preference change is attempted even though only OSPF chooses the path.
D:This defect belongs to BFD cross-protocol fast detection, where the affected outcome is to provide a common rapid link-failure signal to multiple supported routing protocols. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the OSPF interface cost control design in this case: a local preference change is attempted even though only OSPF chooses the path.
Question 255
After Starlight IP Services deploys OSPF interface cost control to favor a specific provider link with shorter calculated OSPF path cost, the primary acceptance check passes (the SPF tree and installed next hop reflect the new cumulative cost). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- More aggressive timers can increase false neighbor failures during congestion.
- The area correction may affect summarization and route propagation.
- All prefixes using the same OSPF route may change together.
- BFD failure thresholds must be tuned to avoid flapping.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The relevant boundary of OSPF interface cost control is that all prefixes using the same OSPF route may change together. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to OSPF hello dead timer mismatch in a different scenario where operators need to repair a failed OSPF neighbor relationship caused by unequal hello or dead intervals. For the deployed OSPF interface cost control approach, the relevant caution is instead that all prefixes using the same OSPF route may change together.
B:This concern applies to OSPF area mismatch diagnosis in a different scenario where operators need to recover adjacency on a link whose routers are configured in different areas. For the deployed OSPF interface cost control approach, the relevant caution is instead that all prefixes using the same OSPF route may change together.
D:This concern applies to BFD cross-protocol fast detection in a different scenario where operators need to provide a common rapid link-failure signal to multiple supported routing protocols. For the deployed OSPF interface cost control approach, the relevant caution is instead that all prefixes using the same OSPF route may change together.
Question 256
Northstar Carrier must advertise an access subnet without accepting routing hellos from its subscribers. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?
- OSPF NSSA external translation
- controlled IGP to BGP redistribution
- NSR control-plane failover
- OSPF passive customer subnet
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:OSPF passive customer subnet matches this requirement: the team should configure the access interface as OSPF passive where appropriate. A relevant outcome would be that the subnet is advertised but no OSPF customer adjacency forms.
Incorrect Answers
A:OSPF NSSA external translation instead addresses a different condition: allow controlled external-route origination inside an NSSA area. It would instead require you to configure NSSA behavior with appropriate Type-7 origination and translation at the border, not the stated goal to advertise an access subnet without accepting routing hellos from its subscribers.
B:controlled IGP to BGP redistribution instead addresses a different condition: inject only selected IGP routes into BGP at an authorized boundary. It would instead require you to redistribute through a narrow route-policy rather than all learned IGP prefixes, not the stated goal to advertise an access subnet without accepting routing hellos from its subscribers.
C:NSR control-plane failover instead addresses a different condition: preserve routing protocol state across a supported redundant control processor switchover. It would instead require you to enable and verify nonstop routing on eligible platform and protocol instances, not the stated goal to advertise an access subnet without accepting routing hellos from its subscribers.
Question 257
At Orion Transit, the engineering change is approved for OSPF passive customer subnet. The specific goal is to advertise an access subnet without accepting routing hellos from its subscribers. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?
- Configure the access interface as OSPF passive where appropriate.
- Configure NSSA behavior with appropriate Type-7 origination and translation at the border.
- Redistribute through a narrow route-policy rather than all learned IGP prefixes.
- Enable and verify nonstop routing on eligible platform and protocol instances.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Implementing OSPF passive customer subnet requires the operator to configure the access interface as OSPF passive where appropriate. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that the subnet is advertised but no OSPF customer adjacency forms.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed step is for OSPF NSSA external translation, whose purpose is to allow controlled external-route origination inside an NSSA area. It would not perform the necessary OSPF passive customer subnet operation: configure the access interface as OSPF passive where appropriate.
C:The proposed step is for controlled IGP to BGP redistribution, whose purpose is to inject only selected IGP routes into BGP at an authorized boundary. It would not perform the necessary OSPF passive customer subnet operation: configure the access interface as OSPF passive where appropriate.
D:The proposed step is for NSR control-plane failover, whose purpose is to preserve routing protocol state across a supported redundant control processor switchover. It would not perform the necessary OSPF passive customer subnet operation: configure the access interface as OSPF passive where appropriate.
Question 258
Meridian Networks has deployed OSPF passive customer subnet to advertise an access subnet without accepting routing hellos from its subscribers. The implementation step was to configure the access interface as OSPF passive where appropriate. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?
- NSSA-originated routes are visible as correct Type-7 and translated external reachability.
- The subnet is advertised but no OSPF customer adjacency forms.
- The target BGP table contains only the documented permitted redistributed routes.
- Adjacencies and route state survive a planned RP switchover without full reconvergence.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:For OSPF passive customer subnet, successful verification means that the subnet is advertised but no OSPF customer adjacency forms. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can advertise an access subnet without accepting routing hellos from its subscribers after deployment.
Incorrect Answers
A:The observation would verify OSPF NSSA external translation under the separate requirement to allow controlled external-route origination inside an NSSA area. It does not demonstrate the needed OSPF passive customer subnet result: the subnet is advertised but no OSPF customer adjacency forms.
C:The observation would verify controlled IGP to BGP redistribution under the separate requirement to inject only selected IGP routes into BGP at an authorized boundary. It does not demonstrate the needed OSPF passive customer subnet result: the subnet is advertised but no OSPF customer adjacency forms.
D:The observation would verify NSR control-plane failover under the separate requirement to preserve routing protocol state across a supported redundant control processor switchover. It does not demonstrate the needed OSPF passive customer subnet result: the subnet is advertised but no OSPF customer adjacency forms.
Question 259
While troubleshooting OSPF passive customer subnet at Kestrel Broadband, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: the subnet is advertised but no OSPF customer adjacency forms. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?
- An ordinary stub area is configured where external injection is required.
- A broad redistribution rule leaks internal point-to-point infrastructure prefixes.
- The access interface actively peers with an unauthorized CE router.
- Only BGP graceful restart is configured and assumed identical to NSR.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The suspected defect directly frustrates OSPF passive customer subnet: the access interface actively peers with an unauthorized CE router. Correcting it should allow verification that the subnet is advertised but no OSPF customer adjacency forms.
Incorrect Answers
A:This defect belongs to OSPF NSSA external translation, where the affected outcome is to allow controlled external-route origination inside an NSSA area. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the OSPF passive customer subnet design in this case: the access interface actively peers with an unauthorized CE router.
B:This defect belongs to controlled IGP to BGP redistribution, where the affected outcome is to inject only selected IGP routes into BGP at an authorized boundary. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the OSPF passive customer subnet design in this case: the access interface actively peers with an unauthorized CE router.
D:This defect belongs to NSR control-plane failover, where the affected outcome is to preserve routing protocol state across a supported redundant control processor switchover. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the OSPF passive customer subnet design in this case: the access interface actively peers with an unauthorized CE router.
Question 260
After Harbor Metro deploys OSPF passive customer subnet to advertise an access subnet without accepting routing hellos from its subscribers, the primary acceptance check passes (the subnet is advertised but no OSPF customer adjacency forms). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- Type-7 translation and default-route policy must be planned at the ABR.
- Feedback between protocols can cause loops if the route origin is not tagged.
- NSR requires platform and peer-specific feature support.
- A core-facing interface must not be made passive by mistake.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The relevant boundary of OSPF passive customer subnet is that a core-facing interface must not be made passive by mistake. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to OSPF NSSA external translation in a different scenario where operators need to allow controlled external-route origination inside an NSSA area. For the deployed OSPF passive customer subnet approach, the relevant caution is instead that a core-facing interface must not be made passive by mistake.
B:This concern applies to controlled IGP to BGP redistribution in a different scenario where operators need to inject only selected IGP routes into BGP at an authorized boundary. For the deployed OSPF passive customer subnet approach, the relevant caution is instead that a core-facing interface must not be made passive by mistake.
C:This concern applies to NSR control-plane failover in a different scenario where operators need to preserve routing protocol state across a supported redundant control processor switchover. For the deployed OSPF passive customer subnet approach, the relevant caution is instead that a core-facing interface must not be made passive by mistake.
Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) (350-501) Practice Tests