Question 210
After Starlight IP Services deploys IS-IS IPv4 route advertisement to carry a newly connected backbone subnet in the correct IS-IS address family, the primary acceptance check passes (the subnet is present in the correct link-state and routing databases). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- Inter-area reachability depends on continuous Level-2 connectivity.
- The advertising router must have a valid corresponding connected prefix.
- Thresholds need allowance for normal growth and backup-route variation.
- The chosen next hop must itself be redundantly reachable by the IGP.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The relevant boundary of IS-IS IPv4 route advertisement is that the advertising router must have a valid corresponding connected prefix. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to IS-IS level-2 backbone exchange in a different scenario where operators need to connect two IS-IS areas through a common Level-2 routing backbone. For the deployed IS-IS IPv4 route advertisement approach, the relevant caution is instead that the advertising router must have a valid corresponding connected prefix.
C:This concern applies to BGP max-prefix protection in a different scenario where operators need to protect a provider edge from a customer's sudden route-table explosion. For the deployed IS-IS IPv4 route advertisement approach, the relevant caution is instead that the advertising router must have a valid corresponding connected prefix.
D:This concern applies to BGP next-hop-self internal reachability in a different scenario where operators need to repair iBGP route reception when the external next hop cannot be resolved internally. For the deployed IS-IS IPv4 route advertisement approach, the relevant caution is instead that the advertising router must have a valid corresponding connected prefix.
Question 211
Northstar Carrier must advertise a default route only under a defined service-availability condition. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?
- IS-IS level-1 local-area reachability
- BGP remote AS alignment
- IS-IS conditional default route
- BGP graceful restart forwarding retention
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:IS-IS conditional default route matches this requirement: the team should apply default-origination with a route policy matching the required upstream state. A relevant outcome would be that the default appears when upstream reachability is valid and disappears when not.
Incorrect Answers
A:IS-IS level-1 local-area reachability instead addresses a different condition: keep IS-IS routes within an area while preserving local Level-1 forwarding. It would instead require you to configure Level-1 operation and matching area identifiers for those routers, not the stated goal to advertise a default route only under a defined service-availability condition.
B:BGP remote AS alignment instead addresses a different condition: form an external BGP peering between provider and customer autonomous systems. It would instead require you to configure each peer with the other's correct remote AS and IP reachability, not the stated goal to advertise a default route only under a defined service-availability condition.
D:BGP graceful restart forwarding retention instead addresses a different condition: retain eligible forwarding state briefly while the BGP control process restarts. It would instead require you to configure BGP graceful restart with compatible helper behavior and timers, not the stated goal to advertise a default route only under a defined service-availability condition.
Question 212
At Orion Transit, the engineering change is approved for IS-IS conditional default route. The specific goal is to advertise a default route only under a defined service-availability condition. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?
- Configure Level-1 operation and matching area identifiers for those routers.
- Configure each peer with the other's correct remote AS and IP reachability.
- Configure BGP graceful restart with compatible helper behavior and timers.
- Apply default-origination with a route policy matching the required upstream state.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Implementing IS-IS conditional default route requires the operator to apply default-origination with a route policy matching the required upstream state. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that the default appears when upstream reachability is valid and disappears when not.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed step is for IS-IS level-1 local-area reachability, whose purpose is to keep IS-IS routes within an area while preserving local Level-1 forwarding. It would not perform the necessary IS-IS conditional default route operation: apply default-origination with a route policy matching the required upstream state.
B:The proposed step is for BGP remote AS alignment, whose purpose is to form an external BGP peering between provider and customer autonomous systems. It would not perform the necessary IS-IS conditional default route operation: apply default-origination with a route policy matching the required upstream state.
C:The proposed step is for BGP graceful restart forwarding retention, whose purpose is to retain eligible forwarding state briefly while the BGP control process restarts. It would not perform the necessary IS-IS conditional default route operation: apply default-origination with a route policy matching the required upstream state.
Question 213
Meridian Networks has deployed IS-IS conditional default route to advertise a default route only under a defined service-availability condition. The implementation step was to apply default-origination with a route policy matching the required upstream state. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?
- The default appears when upstream reachability is valid and disappears when not.
- A Level-1 adjacency establishes and local-area prefixes are present.
- The BGP finite state machine reaches Established and routes exchange under policy.
- Forwarding remains stable while control-plane sessions reestablish within the hold window.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:For IS-IS conditional default route, successful verification means that the default appears when upstream reachability is valid and disappears when not. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can advertise a default route only under a defined service-availability condition after deployment.
Incorrect Answers
B:The observation would verify IS-IS level-1 local-area reachability under the separate requirement to keep IS-IS routes within an area while preserving local Level-1 forwarding. It does not demonstrate the needed IS-IS conditional default route result: the default appears when upstream reachability is valid and disappears when not.
C:The observation would verify BGP remote AS alignment under the separate requirement to form an external BGP peering between provider and customer autonomous systems. It does not demonstrate the needed IS-IS conditional default route result: the default appears when upstream reachability is valid and disappears when not.
D:The observation would verify BGP graceful restart forwarding retention under the separate requirement to retain eligible forwarding state briefly while the BGP control process restarts. It does not demonstrate the needed IS-IS conditional default route result: the default appears when upstream reachability is valid and disappears when not.
Question 214
While troubleshooting IS-IS conditional default route at Kestrel Broadband, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: the default appears when upstream reachability is valid and disappears when not. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?
- The devices use different IS-IS areas and no local L1 adjacency forms.
- Unconditional default origination persists through loss of the provider exit.
- A neighbor is configured with the provider's local AS instead of the customer AS.
- All forwarding routes are withdrawn immediately despite expected graceful restart support.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The suspected defect directly frustrates IS-IS conditional default route: unconditional default origination persists through loss of the provider exit. Correcting it should allow verification that the default appears when upstream reachability is valid and disappears when not.
Incorrect Answers
A:This defect belongs to IS-IS level-1 local-area reachability, where the affected outcome is to keep IS-IS routes within an area while preserving local Level-1 forwarding. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the IS-IS conditional default route design in this case: unconditional default origination persists through loss of the provider exit.
C:This defect belongs to BGP remote AS alignment, where the affected outcome is to form an external BGP peering between provider and customer autonomous systems. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the IS-IS conditional default route design in this case: unconditional default origination persists through loss of the provider exit.
D:This defect belongs to BGP graceful restart forwarding retention, where the affected outcome is to retain eligible forwarding state briefly while the BGP control process restarts. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the IS-IS conditional default route design in this case: unconditional default origination persists through loss of the provider exit.
Question 215
After Harbor Metro deploys IS-IS conditional default route to advertise a default route only under a defined service-availability condition, the primary acceptance check passes (the default appears when upstream reachability is valid and disappears when not). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- Level-1 routing alone does not distribute routes between separate areas.
- EBGP policy and prefix filtering are still required after peering forms.
- The route policy must react to the chosen upstream liveness signal.
- Stale forwarding state expires and must not hide permanent reachability loss.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The relevant boundary of IS-IS conditional default route is that the route policy must react to the chosen upstream liveness signal. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to IS-IS level-1 local-area reachability in a different scenario where operators need to keep IS-IS routes within an area while preserving local Level-1 forwarding. For the deployed IS-IS conditional default route approach, the relevant caution is instead that the route policy must react to the chosen upstream liveness signal.
B:This concern applies to BGP remote AS alignment in a different scenario where operators need to form an external BGP peering between provider and customer autonomous systems. For the deployed IS-IS conditional default route approach, the relevant caution is instead that the route policy must react to the chosen upstream liveness signal.
D:This concern applies to BGP graceful restart forwarding retention in a different scenario where operators need to retain eligible forwarding state briefly while the BGP control process restarts. For the deployed IS-IS conditional default route approach, the relevant caution is instead that the route policy must react to the chosen upstream liveness signal.
Question 216
Summit Service Provider must connect nonbackbone provider routing areas through a valid OSPF backbone. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?
- OSPF passive customer subnet
- IS-IS IPv6 multitopology
- BGP conditional path advertisement
- OSPF backbone area continuity
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:OSPF backbone area continuity matches this requirement: the team should maintain Area 0 connectivity via correctly placed area border routers. A relevant outcome would be that inter-area routes propagate with appropriate summary information.
Incorrect Answers
A:OSPF passive customer subnet instead addresses a different condition: advertise an access subnet without accepting routing hellos from its subscribers. It would instead require you to configure the access interface as OSPF passive where appropriate, not the stated goal to connect nonbackbone provider routing areas through a valid OSPF backbone.
B:IS-IS IPv6 multitopology instead addresses a different condition: advertise IPv6 links whose topology differs from the IPv4 forwarding graph. It would instead require you to enable the supported multitopology IS-IS IPv6 address-family behavior, not the stated goal to connect nonbackbone provider routing areas through a valid OSPF backbone.
C:BGP conditional path advertisement instead addresses a different condition: advertise a failover route only when a monitored primary path condition is true. It would instead require you to apply supported conditional advertisement or routing-policy logic against the trigger, not the stated goal to connect nonbackbone provider routing areas through a valid OSPF backbone.
Question 217
At Ridgeway Networks, the engineering change is approved for OSPF backbone area continuity. The specific goal is to connect nonbackbone provider routing areas through a valid OSPF backbone. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?
- Maintain Area 0 connectivity via correctly placed area border routers.
- Configure the access interface as OSPF passive where appropriate.
- Enable the supported multitopology IS-IS IPv6 address-family behavior.
- Apply supported conditional advertisement or routing-policy logic against the trigger.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Implementing OSPF backbone area continuity requires the operator to maintain Area 0 connectivity via correctly placed area border routers. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that inter-area routes propagate with appropriate summary information.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed step is for OSPF passive customer subnet, whose purpose is to advertise an access subnet without accepting routing hellos from its subscribers. It would not perform the necessary OSPF backbone area continuity operation: maintain Area 0 connectivity via correctly placed area border routers.
C:The proposed step is for IS-IS IPv6 multitopology, whose purpose is to advertise IPv6 links whose topology differs from the IPv4 forwarding graph. It would not perform the necessary OSPF backbone area continuity operation: maintain Area 0 connectivity via correctly placed area border routers.
D:The proposed step is for BGP conditional path advertisement, whose purpose is to advertise a failover route only when a monitored primary path condition is true. It would not perform the necessary OSPF backbone area continuity operation: maintain Area 0 connectivity via correctly placed area border routers.
Question 218
Lakeside Transport has deployed OSPF backbone area continuity to connect nonbackbone provider routing areas through a valid OSPF backbone. The implementation step was to maintain Area 0 connectivity via correctly placed area border routers. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?
- The subnet is advertised but no OSPF customer adjacency forms.
- Inter-area routes propagate with appropriate summary information.
- IPv6 SPF sees its own valid link participation and reachability.
- The backup advertisement follows the explicit state condition.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:For OSPF backbone area continuity, successful verification means that inter-area routes propagate with appropriate summary information. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can connect nonbackbone provider routing areas through a valid OSPF backbone after deployment.
Incorrect Answers
A:The observation would verify OSPF passive customer subnet under the separate requirement to advertise an access subnet without accepting routing hellos from its subscribers. It does not demonstrate the needed OSPF backbone area continuity result: inter-area routes propagate with appropriate summary information.
C:The observation would verify IS-IS IPv6 multitopology under the separate requirement to advertise IPv6 links whose topology differs from the IPv4 forwarding graph. It does not demonstrate the needed OSPF backbone area continuity result: inter-area routes propagate with appropriate summary information.
D:The observation would verify BGP conditional path advertisement under the separate requirement to advertise a failover route only when a monitored primary path condition is true. It does not demonstrate the needed OSPF backbone area continuity result: inter-area routes propagate with appropriate summary information.
Question 219
While troubleshooting OSPF backbone area continuity at Coastal Communications, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: inter-area routes propagate with appropriate summary information. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?
- The access interface actively peers with an unauthorized CE router.
- Single-topology IPv6 is forced through a link lacking IPv6 support.
- Isolated nonbackbone areas are joined without a reachable Area 0 path.
- Both primary and backup are advertised unconditionally despite required policy.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The suspected defect directly frustrates OSPF backbone area continuity: isolated nonbackbone areas are joined without a reachable Area 0 path. Correcting it should allow verification that inter-area routes propagate with appropriate summary information.
Incorrect Answers
A:This defect belongs to OSPF passive customer subnet, where the affected outcome is to advertise an access subnet without accepting routing hellos from its subscribers. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the OSPF backbone area continuity design in this case: isolated nonbackbone areas are joined without a reachable Area 0 path.
B:This defect belongs to IS-IS IPv6 multitopology, where the affected outcome is to advertise IPv6 links whose topology differs from the IPv4 forwarding graph. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the OSPF backbone area continuity design in this case: isolated nonbackbone areas are joined without a reachable Area 0 path.
D:This defect belongs to BGP conditional path advertisement, where the affected outcome is to advertise a failover route only when a monitored primary path condition is true. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the OSPF backbone area continuity design in this case: isolated nonbackbone areas are joined without a reachable Area 0 path.
Question 220
After Bluebird Infrastructure deploys OSPF backbone area continuity to connect nonbackbone provider routing areas through a valid OSPF backbone, the primary acceptance check passes (inter-area routes propagate with appropriate summary information). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- A core-facing interface must not be made passive by mistake.
- Multitopology requires consistent capabilities on intended neighbors.
- The trigger must represent actual data-plane service health, not only BGP state.
- Virtual-link designs add operations complexity and should be justified.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The relevant boundary of OSPF backbone area continuity is that virtual-link designs add operations complexity and should be justified. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to OSPF passive customer subnet in a different scenario where operators need to advertise an access subnet without accepting routing hellos from its subscribers. For the deployed OSPF backbone area continuity approach, the relevant caution is instead that virtual-link designs add operations complexity and should be justified.
B:This concern applies to IS-IS IPv6 multitopology in a different scenario where operators need to advertise IPv6 links whose topology differs from the IPv4 forwarding graph. For the deployed OSPF backbone area continuity approach, the relevant caution is instead that virtual-link designs add operations complexity and should be justified.
C:This concern applies to BGP conditional path advertisement in a different scenario where operators need to advertise a failover route only when a monitored primary path condition is true. For the deployed OSPF backbone area continuity approach, the relevant caution is instead that virtual-link designs add operations complexity and should be justified.
Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) (350-501) Practice Tests