Question 190
After Bluebird Infrastructure deploys IS-IS wide metric scale to use traffic-engineering metric values beyond the narrow-metric limit, the primary acceptance check passes (neighbors accept the extended metric information and compute expected SPF). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- Level-1 routing alone does not distribute routes between separate areas.
- Mismatched metric styles can produce inconsistent path selection.
- Retained stale state can blackhole traffic if underlying forwarding is broken.
- EBGP policy and prefix filtering are still required after peering forms.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The relevant boundary of IS-IS wide metric scale is that mismatched metric styles can produce inconsistent path selection. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to IS-IS level-1 local-area reachability in a different scenario where operators need to keep IS-IS routes within an area while preserving local Level-1 forwarding. For the deployed IS-IS wide metric scale approach, the relevant caution is instead that mismatched metric styles can produce inconsistent path selection.
C:This concern applies to graceful restart helper coordination in a different scenario where operators need to allow a neighbor's control-plane restart without immediately invalidating forwarding. For the deployed IS-IS wide metric scale approach, the relevant caution is instead that mismatched metric styles can produce inconsistent path selection.
D:This concern applies to BGP remote AS alignment in a different scenario where operators need to form an external BGP peering between provider and customer autonomous systems. For the deployed IS-IS wide metric scale approach, the relevant caution is instead that mismatched metric styles can produce inconsistent path selection.
Question 191
Horizon Exchange must restore an IS-IS neighbor relationship failing due to mismatched interface MTUs. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?
- BGP next-hop resolution failure
- IS-IS level-2 backbone exchange
- IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency
- BGP route reflector scale
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency matches this requirement: the team should align supported MTU and adjacency parameters on both connected interfaces. A relevant outcome would be that the adjacency reaches Up after the mismatch is corrected.
Incorrect Answers
A:BGP next-hop resolution failure instead addresses a different condition: diagnose a valid BGP route absent from the forwarding RIB. It would instead require you to check recursion and IGP reachability for the advertised BGP next hop, not the stated goal to restore an IS-IS neighbor relationship failing due to mismatched interface MTUs.
B:IS-IS level-2 backbone exchange instead addresses a different condition: connect two IS-IS areas through a common Level-2 routing backbone. It would instead require you to form Level-2 adjacencies across area-border routers and advertise reachability, not the stated goal to restore an IS-IS neighbor relationship failing due to mismatched interface MTUs.
D:BGP route reflector scale instead addresses a different condition: avoid a full mesh of iBGP peer sessions across a large provider AS. It would instead require you to designate route reflectors and client sessions with suitable cluster identity, not the stated goal to restore an IS-IS neighbor relationship failing due to mismatched interface MTUs.
Question 192
At Cedar Wireless, the engineering change is approved for IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency. The specific goal is to restore an IS-IS neighbor relationship failing due to mismatched interface MTUs. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?
- Check recursion and IGP reachability for the advertised BGP next hop.
- Form Level-2 adjacencies across area-border routers and advertise reachability.
- Designate route reflectors and client sessions with suitable cluster identity.
- Align supported MTU and adjacency parameters on both connected interfaces.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Implementing IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency requires the operator to align supported MTU and adjacency parameters on both connected interfaces. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that the adjacency reaches Up after the mismatch is corrected.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed step is for BGP next-hop resolution failure, whose purpose is to diagnose a valid BGP route absent from the forwarding RIB. It would not perform the necessary IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency operation: align supported MTU and adjacency parameters on both connected interfaces.
B:The proposed step is for IS-IS level-2 backbone exchange, whose purpose is to connect two IS-IS areas through a common Level-2 routing backbone. It would not perform the necessary IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency operation: align supported MTU and adjacency parameters on both connected interfaces.
C:The proposed step is for BGP route reflector scale, whose purpose is to avoid a full mesh of iBGP peer sessions across a large provider AS. It would not perform the necessary IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency operation: align supported MTU and adjacency parameters on both connected interfaces.
Question 193
Willow Regional has deployed IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency to restore an IS-IS neighbor relationship failing due to mismatched interface MTUs. The implementation step was to align supported MTU and adjacency parameters on both connected interfaces. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?
- The adjacency reaches Up after the mismatch is corrected.
- The BGP path becomes usable when the next hop resolves to a valid interface.
- Remote-area routes appear in the Level-2 database and route table.
- Client routes are reflected to eligible internal peers without a full mesh.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:For IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency, successful verification means that the adjacency reaches Up after the mismatch is corrected. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can restore an IS-IS neighbor relationship failing due to mismatched interface MTUs after deployment.
Incorrect Answers
B:The observation would verify BGP next-hop resolution failure under the separate requirement to diagnose a valid BGP route absent from the forwarding RIB. It does not demonstrate the needed IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency result: the adjacency reaches Up after the mismatch is corrected.
C:The observation would verify IS-IS level-2 backbone exchange under the separate requirement to connect two IS-IS areas through a common Level-2 routing backbone. It does not demonstrate the needed IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency result: the adjacency reaches Up after the mismatch is corrected.
D:The observation would verify BGP route reflector scale under the separate requirement to avoid a full mesh of iBGP peer sessions across a large provider AS. It does not demonstrate the needed IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency result: the adjacency reaches Up after the mismatch is corrected.
Question 194
While troubleshooting IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency at Atlas Backbone, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: the adjacency reaches Up after the mismatch is corrected. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?
- More BGP prefixes are advertised while the existing next hop remains unreachable.
- Routing export policy is changed although hello padding still fails.
- Only Level-1 peering is enabled across routers with different area IDs.
- Ordinary iBGP split-horizon behavior prevents a route reaching other clients.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The suspected defect directly frustrates IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency: routing export policy is changed although hello padding still fails. Correcting it should allow verification that the adjacency reaches Up after the mismatch is corrected.
Incorrect Answers
A:This defect belongs to BGP next-hop resolution failure, where the affected outcome is to diagnose a valid BGP route absent from the forwarding RIB. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency design in this case: routing export policy is changed although hello padding still fails.
C:This defect belongs to IS-IS level-2 backbone exchange, where the affected outcome is to connect two IS-IS areas through a common Level-2 routing backbone. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency design in this case: routing export policy is changed although hello padding still fails.
D:This defect belongs to BGP route reflector scale, where the affected outcome is to avoid a full mesh of iBGP peer sessions across a large provider AS. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency design in this case: routing export policy is changed although hello padding still fails.
Question 195
After Starlight IP Services deploys IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency to restore an IS-IS neighbor relationship failing due to mismatched interface MTUs, the primary acceptance check passes (the adjacency reaches Up after the mismatch is corrected). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- The preferred control-plane path is not necessarily an installable FIB path.
- Inter-area reachability depends on continuous Level-2 connectivity.
- An MTU increase needs to be supported across the physical path.
- Reflector placement and redundancy shape convergence and path visibility.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The relevant boundary of IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency is that an MTU increase needs to be supported across the physical path. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to BGP next-hop resolution failure in a different scenario where operators need to diagnose a valid BGP route absent from the forwarding RIB. For the deployed IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency approach, the relevant caution is instead that an MTU increase needs to be supported across the physical path.
B:This concern applies to IS-IS level-2 backbone exchange in a different scenario where operators need to connect two IS-IS areas through a common Level-2 routing backbone. For the deployed IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency approach, the relevant caution is instead that an MTU increase needs to be supported across the physical path.
D:This concern applies to BGP route reflector scale in a different scenario where operators need to avoid a full mesh of iBGP peer sessions across a large provider AS. For the deployed IS-IS adjacency MTU consistency approach, the relevant caution is instead that an MTU increase needs to be supported across the physical path.
Question 196
Northstar Carrier must recover an adjacency rejecting hello PDUs due to authentication differences. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?
- IS-IS single-topology coexistence
- graceful restart helper coordination
- BGP remote AS alignment
- IS-IS authentication mismatch
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:IS-IS authentication mismatch matches this requirement: the team should correct matching IS-IS authentication method and keys for both ends. A relevant outcome would be that authenticated hello exchanges establish a stable adjacency.
Incorrect Answers
A:IS-IS single-topology coexistence instead addresses a different condition: run IPv4 and IPv6 under a common IS-IS topology when links support both. It would instead require you to configure the appropriate single-topology address-family behavior consistently, not the stated goal to recover an adjacency rejecting hello PDUs due to authentication differences.
B:graceful restart helper coordination instead addresses a different condition: allow a neighbor's control-plane restart without immediately invalidating forwarding. It would instead require you to configure compatible graceful restart roles and bounded stale-route timers, not the stated goal to recover an adjacency rejecting hello PDUs due to authentication differences.
C:BGP remote AS alignment instead addresses a different condition: form an external BGP peering between provider and customer autonomous systems. It would instead require you to configure each peer with the other's correct remote AS and IP reachability, not the stated goal to recover an adjacency rejecting hello PDUs due to authentication differences.
Question 197
At Orion Transit, the engineering change is approved for IS-IS authentication mismatch. The specific goal is to recover an adjacency rejecting hello PDUs due to authentication differences. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?
- Correct matching IS-IS authentication method and keys for both ends.
- Configure the appropriate single-topology address-family behavior consistently.
- Configure compatible graceful restart roles and bounded stale-route timers.
- Configure each peer with the other's correct remote AS and IP reachability.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Implementing IS-IS authentication mismatch requires the operator to correct matching IS-IS authentication method and keys for both ends. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that authenticated hello exchanges establish a stable adjacency.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed step is for IS-IS single-topology coexistence, whose purpose is to run IPv4 and IPv6 under a common IS-IS topology when links support both. It would not perform the necessary IS-IS authentication mismatch operation: correct matching IS-IS authentication method and keys for both ends.
C:The proposed step is for graceful restart helper coordination, whose purpose is to allow a neighbor's control-plane restart without immediately invalidating forwarding. It would not perform the necessary IS-IS authentication mismatch operation: correct matching IS-IS authentication method and keys for both ends.
D:The proposed step is for BGP remote AS alignment, whose purpose is to form an external BGP peering between provider and customer autonomous systems. It would not perform the necessary IS-IS authentication mismatch operation: correct matching IS-IS authentication method and keys for both ends.
Question 198
Meridian Networks has deployed IS-IS authentication mismatch to recover an adjacency rejecting hello PDUs due to authentication differences. The implementation step was to correct matching IS-IS authentication method and keys for both ends. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?
- Both address families calculate paths using the shared topology.
- Authenticated hello exchanges establish a stable adjacency.
- Peer routing converges while eligible forwarding state is retained temporarily.
- The BGP finite state machine reaches Established and routes exchange under policy.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:For IS-IS authentication mismatch, successful verification means that authenticated hello exchanges establish a stable adjacency. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can recover an adjacency rejecting hello PDUs due to authentication differences after deployment.
Incorrect Answers
A:The observation would verify IS-IS single-topology coexistence under the separate requirement to run IPv4 and IPv6 under a common IS-IS topology when links support both. It does not demonstrate the needed IS-IS authentication mismatch result: authenticated hello exchanges establish a stable adjacency.
C:The observation would verify graceful restart helper coordination under the separate requirement to allow a neighbor's control-plane restart without immediately invalidating forwarding. It does not demonstrate the needed IS-IS authentication mismatch result: authenticated hello exchanges establish a stable adjacency.
D:The observation would verify BGP remote AS alignment under the separate requirement to form an external BGP peering between provider and customer autonomous systems. It does not demonstrate the needed IS-IS authentication mismatch result: authenticated hello exchanges establish a stable adjacency.
Question 199
While troubleshooting IS-IS authentication mismatch at Kestrel Broadband, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: authenticated hello exchanges establish a stable adjacency. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?
- IPv6 is enabled on only part of the common SPF topology.
- A stale route is treated as indefinitely valid after its helper timer expires.
- The IP prefix advertisement is changed with no repair to PDU authentication.
- A neighbor is configured with the provider's local AS instead of the customer AS.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The suspected defect directly frustrates IS-IS authentication mismatch: the IP prefix advertisement is changed with no repair to PDU authentication. Correcting it should allow verification that authenticated hello exchanges establish a stable adjacency.
Incorrect Answers
A:This defect belongs to IS-IS single-topology coexistence, where the affected outcome is to run IPv4 and IPv6 under a common IS-IS topology when links support both. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the IS-IS authentication mismatch design in this case: the IP prefix advertisement is changed with no repair to PDU authentication.
B:This defect belongs to graceful restart helper coordination, where the affected outcome is to allow a neighbor's control-plane restart without immediately invalidating forwarding. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the IS-IS authentication mismatch design in this case: the IP prefix advertisement is changed with no repair to PDU authentication.
D:This defect belongs to BGP remote AS alignment, where the affected outcome is to form an external BGP peering between provider and customer autonomous systems. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the IS-IS authentication mismatch design in this case: the IP prefix advertisement is changed with no repair to PDU authentication.
Question 200
After Harbor Metro deploys IS-IS authentication mismatch to recover an adjacency rejecting hello PDUs due to authentication differences, the primary acceptance check passes (authenticated hello exchanges establish a stable adjacency). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- Shared topology assumes participating links can forward both families.
- Retained stale state can blackhole traffic if underlying forwarding is broken.
- EBGP policy and prefix filtering are still required after peering forms.
- Key rotation requires overlapping operational coordination at both peers.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The relevant boundary of IS-IS authentication mismatch is that key rotation requires overlapping operational coordination at both peers. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to IS-IS single-topology coexistence in a different scenario where operators need to run IPv4 and IPv6 under a common IS-IS topology when links support both. For the deployed IS-IS authentication mismatch approach, the relevant caution is instead that key rotation requires overlapping operational coordination at both peers.
B:This concern applies to graceful restart helper coordination in a different scenario where operators need to allow a neighbor's control-plane restart without immediately invalidating forwarding. For the deployed IS-IS authentication mismatch approach, the relevant caution is instead that key rotation requires overlapping operational coordination at both peers.
C:This concern applies to BGP remote AS alignment in a different scenario where operators need to form an external BGP peering between provider and customer autonomous systems. For the deployed IS-IS authentication mismatch approach, the relevant caution is instead that key rotation requires overlapping operational coordination at both peers.
Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) (350-501) Practice Tests