Question 180
After Starlight IP Services deploys IS-IS startup overload safety to keep a restarting provider router from attracting transit traffic before it converges, the primary acceptance check passes (neighbors avoid the recovering router as an intermediate transit path). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- Mismatched metric styles can produce inconsistent path selection.
- Key rotation and credential synchronization must avoid unexpected peering outages.
- Retained stale state can blackhole traffic if underlying forwarding is broken.
- A prolonged overload condition reduces available core transit capacity.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The relevant boundary of IS-IS startup overload safety is that a prolonged overload condition reduces available core transit capacity. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to IS-IS wide metric scale in a different scenario where operators need to use traffic-engineering metric values beyond the narrow-metric limit. For the deployed IS-IS startup overload safety approach, the relevant caution is instead that a prolonged overload condition reduces available core transit capacity.
B:This concern applies to BGP neighbor TCP authentication in a different scenario where operators need to ensure an external BGP session establishes only with peers possessing the agreed session authentication material. For the deployed IS-IS startup overload safety approach, the relevant caution is instead that a prolonged overload condition reduces available core transit capacity.
C:This concern applies to graceful restart helper coordination in a different scenario where operators need to allow a neighbor's control-plane restart without immediately invalidating forwarding. For the deployed IS-IS startup overload safety approach, the relevant caution is instead that a prolonged overload condition reduces available core transit capacity.
Question 181
Northstar Carrier must prefer a lower-cost IGP path without changing BGP administrative preferences. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?
- IS-IS metric traffic engineering
- IS-IS IPv6 multitopology
- BGP prefix filtering
- BGP graceful restart forwarding retention
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:IS-IS metric traffic engineering matches this requirement: the team should adjust supported IS-IS interface metrics to influence shortest-path computation. A relevant outcome would be that the shortest-path cost and forwarding next hop reflect the intended links.
Incorrect Answers
B:IS-IS IPv6 multitopology instead addresses a different condition: advertise IPv6 links whose topology differs from the IPv4 forwarding graph. It would instead require you to enable the supported multitopology IS-IS IPv6 address-family behavior, not the stated goal to prefer a lower-cost IGP path without changing BGP administrative preferences.
C:BGP prefix filtering instead addresses a different condition: stop a customer's accidental broad route advertisement at the provider ingress. It would instead require you to attach a prefix-set based inbound routing policy with exact allowed subnets, not the stated goal to prefer a lower-cost IGP path without changing BGP administrative preferences.
D:BGP graceful restart forwarding retention instead addresses a different condition: retain eligible forwarding state briefly while the BGP control process restarts. It would instead require you to configure BGP graceful restart with compatible helper behavior and timers, not the stated goal to prefer a lower-cost IGP path without changing BGP administrative preferences.
Question 182
At Orion Transit, the engineering change is approved for IS-IS metric traffic engineering. The specific goal is to prefer a lower-cost IGP path without changing BGP administrative preferences. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?
- Enable the supported multitopology IS-IS IPv6 address-family behavior.
- Adjust supported IS-IS interface metrics to influence shortest-path computation.
- Attach a prefix-set based inbound routing policy with exact allowed subnets.
- Configure BGP graceful restart with compatible helper behavior and timers.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:Implementing IS-IS metric traffic engineering requires the operator to adjust supported IS-IS interface metrics to influence shortest-path computation. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that the shortest-path cost and forwarding next hop reflect the intended links.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed step is for IS-IS IPv6 multitopology, whose purpose is to advertise IPv6 links whose topology differs from the IPv4 forwarding graph. It would not perform the necessary IS-IS metric traffic engineering operation: adjust supported IS-IS interface metrics to influence shortest-path computation.
C:The proposed step is for BGP prefix filtering, whose purpose is to stop a customer's accidental broad route advertisement at the provider ingress. It would not perform the necessary IS-IS metric traffic engineering operation: adjust supported IS-IS interface metrics to influence shortest-path computation.
D:The proposed step is for BGP graceful restart forwarding retention, whose purpose is to retain eligible forwarding state briefly while the BGP control process restarts. It would not perform the necessary IS-IS metric traffic engineering operation: adjust supported IS-IS interface metrics to influence shortest-path computation.
Question 183
Meridian Networks has deployed IS-IS metric traffic engineering to prefer a lower-cost IGP path without changing BGP administrative preferences. The implementation step was to adjust supported IS-IS interface metrics to influence shortest-path computation. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?
- IPv6 SPF sees its own valid link participation and reachability.
- Only customer-authorized NLRI appear in the accepted BGP table.
- The shortest-path cost and forwarding next hop reflect the intended links.
- Forwarding remains stable while control-plane sessions reestablish within the hold window.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:For IS-IS metric traffic engineering, successful verification means that the shortest-path cost and forwarding next hop reflect the intended links. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can prefer a lower-cost IGP path without changing BGP administrative preferences after deployment.
Incorrect Answers
A:The observation would verify IS-IS IPv6 multitopology under the separate requirement to advertise IPv6 links whose topology differs from the IPv4 forwarding graph. It does not demonstrate the needed IS-IS metric traffic engineering result: the shortest-path cost and forwarding next hop reflect the intended links.
B:The observation would verify BGP prefix filtering under the separate requirement to stop a customer's accidental broad route advertisement at the provider ingress. It does not demonstrate the needed IS-IS metric traffic engineering result: the shortest-path cost and forwarding next hop reflect the intended links.
D:The observation would verify BGP graceful restart forwarding retention under the separate requirement to retain eligible forwarding state briefly while the BGP control process restarts. It does not demonstrate the needed IS-IS metric traffic engineering result: the shortest-path cost and forwarding next hop reflect the intended links.
Question 184
While troubleshooting IS-IS metric traffic engineering at Kestrel Broadband, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: the shortest-path cost and forwarding next hop reflect the intended links. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?
- Single-topology IPv6 is forced through a link lacking IPv6 support.
- A matching outbound policy is applied instead of filtering received routes.
- All forwarding routes are withdrawn immediately despite expected graceful restart support.
- BGP local preference is changed for a route controlled solely by IS-IS metrics.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The suspected defect directly frustrates IS-IS metric traffic engineering: BGP local preference is changed for a route controlled solely by IS-IS metrics. Correcting it should allow verification that the shortest-path cost and forwarding next hop reflect the intended links.
Incorrect Answers
A:This defect belongs to IS-IS IPv6 multitopology, where the affected outcome is to advertise IPv6 links whose topology differs from the IPv4 forwarding graph. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the IS-IS metric traffic engineering design in this case: BGP local preference is changed for a route controlled solely by IS-IS metrics.
B:This defect belongs to BGP prefix filtering, where the affected outcome is to stop a customer's accidental broad route advertisement at the provider ingress. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the IS-IS metric traffic engineering design in this case: BGP local preference is changed for a route controlled solely by IS-IS metrics.
C:This defect belongs to BGP graceful restart forwarding retention, where the affected outcome is to retain eligible forwarding state briefly while the BGP control process restarts. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the IS-IS metric traffic engineering design in this case: BGP local preference is changed for a route controlled solely by IS-IS metrics.
Question 185
After Harbor Metro deploys IS-IS metric traffic engineering to prefer a lower-cost IGP path without changing BGP administrative preferences, the primary acceptance check passes (the shortest-path cost and forwarding next hop reflect the intended links). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- Metric changes may affect many prefixes sharing the modified link.
- Multitopology requires consistent capabilities on intended neighbors.
- Prefix-set maintenance must track legitimate customer expansion.
- Stale forwarding state expires and must not hide permanent reachability loss.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The relevant boundary of IS-IS metric traffic engineering is that metric changes may affect many prefixes sharing the modified link. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
B:This concern applies to IS-IS IPv6 multitopology in a different scenario where operators need to advertise IPv6 links whose topology differs from the IPv4 forwarding graph. For the deployed IS-IS metric traffic engineering approach, the relevant caution is instead that metric changes may affect many prefixes sharing the modified link.
C:This concern applies to BGP prefix filtering in a different scenario where operators need to stop a customer's accidental broad route advertisement at the provider ingress. For the deployed IS-IS metric traffic engineering approach, the relevant caution is instead that metric changes may affect many prefixes sharing the modified link.
D:This concern applies to BGP graceful restart forwarding retention in a different scenario where operators need to retain eligible forwarding state briefly while the BGP control process restarts. For the deployed IS-IS metric traffic engineering approach, the relevant caution is instead that metric changes may affect many prefixes sharing the modified link.
Question 186
Summit Service Provider must use traffic-engineering metric values beyond the narrow-metric limit. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?
- IS-IS level-1 local-area reachability
- IS-IS wide metric scale
- graceful restart helper coordination
- BGP remote AS alignment
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:IS-IS wide metric scale matches this requirement: the team should enable supported wide-metric processing for the provider IS-IS domain. A relevant outcome would be that neighbors accept the extended metric information and compute expected SPF.
Incorrect Answers
A:IS-IS level-1 local-area reachability instead addresses a different condition: keep IS-IS routes within an area while preserving local Level-1 forwarding. It would instead require you to configure Level-1 operation and matching area identifiers for those routers, not the stated goal to use traffic-engineering metric values beyond the narrow-metric limit.
C:graceful restart helper coordination instead addresses a different condition: allow a neighbor's control-plane restart without immediately invalidating forwarding. It would instead require you to configure compatible graceful restart roles and bounded stale-route timers, not the stated goal to use traffic-engineering metric values beyond the narrow-metric limit.
D:BGP remote AS alignment instead addresses a different condition: form an external BGP peering between provider and customer autonomous systems. It would instead require you to configure each peer with the other's correct remote AS and IP reachability, not the stated goal to use traffic-engineering metric values beyond the narrow-metric limit.
Question 187
At Ridgeway Networks, the engineering change is approved for IS-IS wide metric scale. The specific goal is to use traffic-engineering metric values beyond the narrow-metric limit. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?
- Configure Level-1 operation and matching area identifiers for those routers.
- Configure compatible graceful restart roles and bounded stale-route timers.
- Enable supported wide-metric processing for the provider IS-IS domain.
- Configure each peer with the other's correct remote AS and IP reachability.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:Implementing IS-IS wide metric scale requires the operator to enable supported wide-metric processing for the provider IS-IS domain. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that neighbors accept the extended metric information and compute expected SPF.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed step is for IS-IS level-1 local-area reachability, whose purpose is to keep IS-IS routes within an area while preserving local Level-1 forwarding. It would not perform the necessary IS-IS wide metric scale operation: enable supported wide-metric processing for the provider IS-IS domain.
B:The proposed step is for graceful restart helper coordination, whose purpose is to allow a neighbor's control-plane restart without immediately invalidating forwarding. It would not perform the necessary IS-IS wide metric scale operation: enable supported wide-metric processing for the provider IS-IS domain.
D:The proposed step is for BGP remote AS alignment, whose purpose is to form an external BGP peering between provider and customer autonomous systems. It would not perform the necessary IS-IS wide metric scale operation: enable supported wide-metric processing for the provider IS-IS domain.
Question 188
Lakeside Transport has deployed IS-IS wide metric scale to use traffic-engineering metric values beyond the narrow-metric limit. The implementation step was to enable supported wide-metric processing for the provider IS-IS domain. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?
- A Level-1 adjacency establishes and local-area prefixes are present.
- Peer routing converges while eligible forwarding state is retained temporarily.
- The BGP finite state machine reaches Established and routes exchange under policy.
- Neighbors accept the extended metric information and compute expected SPF.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:For IS-IS wide metric scale, successful verification means that neighbors accept the extended metric information and compute expected SPF. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can use traffic-engineering metric values beyond the narrow-metric limit after deployment.
Incorrect Answers
A:The observation would verify IS-IS level-1 local-area reachability under the separate requirement to keep IS-IS routes within an area while preserving local Level-1 forwarding. It does not demonstrate the needed IS-IS wide metric scale result: neighbors accept the extended metric information and compute expected SPF.
B:The observation would verify graceful restart helper coordination under the separate requirement to allow a neighbor's control-plane restart without immediately invalidating forwarding. It does not demonstrate the needed IS-IS wide metric scale result: neighbors accept the extended metric information and compute expected SPF.
C:The observation would verify BGP remote AS alignment under the separate requirement to form an external BGP peering between provider and customer autonomous systems. It does not demonstrate the needed IS-IS wide metric scale result: neighbors accept the extended metric information and compute expected SPF.
Question 189
While troubleshooting IS-IS wide metric scale at Coastal Communications, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: neighbors accept the extended metric information and compute expected SPF. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?
- A large metric is configured while peers process only narrow metric encoding.
- The devices use different IS-IS areas and no local L1 adjacency forms.
- A stale route is treated as indefinitely valid after its helper timer expires.
- A neighbor is configured with the provider's local AS instead of the customer AS.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The suspected defect directly frustrates IS-IS wide metric scale: a large metric is configured while peers process only narrow metric encoding. Correcting it should allow verification that neighbors accept the extended metric information and compute expected SPF.
Incorrect Answers
B:This defect belongs to IS-IS level-1 local-area reachability, where the affected outcome is to keep IS-IS routes within an area while preserving local Level-1 forwarding. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the IS-IS wide metric scale design in this case: a large metric is configured while peers process only narrow metric encoding.
C:This defect belongs to graceful restart helper coordination, where the affected outcome is to allow a neighbor's control-plane restart without immediately invalidating forwarding. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the IS-IS wide metric scale design in this case: a large metric is configured while peers process only narrow metric encoding.
D:This defect belongs to BGP remote AS alignment, where the affected outcome is to form an external BGP peering between provider and customer autonomous systems. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the IS-IS wide metric scale design in this case: a large metric is configured while peers process only narrow metric encoding.
Question 190
After Bluebird Infrastructure deploys IS-IS wide metric scale to use traffic-engineering metric values beyond the narrow-metric limit, the primary acceptance check passes (neighbors accept the extended metric information and compute expected SPF). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- Level-1 routing alone does not distribute routes between separate areas.
- Mismatched metric styles can produce inconsistent path selection.
- Retained stale state can blackhole traffic if underlying forwarding is broken.
- EBGP policy and prefix filtering are still required after peering forms.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The relevant boundary of IS-IS wide metric scale is that mismatched metric styles can produce inconsistent path selection. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to IS-IS level-1 local-area reachability in a different scenario where operators need to keep IS-IS routes within an area while preserving local Level-1 forwarding. For the deployed IS-IS wide metric scale approach, the relevant caution is instead that mismatched metric styles can produce inconsistent path selection.
C:This concern applies to graceful restart helper coordination in a different scenario where operators need to allow a neighbor's control-plane restart without immediately invalidating forwarding. For the deployed IS-IS wide metric scale approach, the relevant caution is instead that mismatched metric styles can produce inconsistent path selection.
D:This concern applies to BGP remote AS alignment in a different scenario where operators need to form an external BGP peering between provider and customer autonomous systems. For the deployed IS-IS wide metric scale approach, the relevant caution is instead that mismatched metric styles can produce inconsistent path selection.
Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) (350-501) Practice Tests