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Cisco 350-501 Practice Test 14

Question 130

After Bluebird Infrastructure deploys strict uRPF customer check to block forged source addresses on a single-homed customer-facing interface, the primary acceptance check passes (packets with a legitimate source reverse path pass; spoofed sources fail). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?

  1. MACsec does not encrypt a path beyond the protected adjacent Ethernet segment.
  2. Strict mode can be unsuitable at asymmetrically routed provider edges.
  3. Trusted markings require explicit customer policy and rate limits.
  4. Unbounded priority traffic may starve other queues without a cap.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The relevant boundary of strict uRPF customer check is that strict mode can be unsuitable at asymmetrically routed provider edges. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This concern applies to MACsec provider handoff in a different scenario where operators need to encrypt traffic directly across supported Ethernet links between managed devices. For the deployed strict uRPF customer check approach, the relevant caution is instead that strict mode can be unsuitable at asymmetrically routed provider edges.

C:

This concern applies to customer DSCP trust boundary in a different scenario where operators need to prevent a subscriber from assigning itself premium forwarding by arbitrary DSCP markings. For the deployed strict uRPF customer check approach, the relevant caution is instead that strict mode can be unsuitable at asymmetrically routed provider edges.

D:

This concern applies to low latency priority queue in a different scenario where operators need to protect delay-sensitive packet classes during congestion on a provider egress. For the deployed strict uRPF customer check approach, the relevant caution is instead that strict mode can be unsuitable at asymmetrically routed provider edges.

Question 131

Horizon Exchange must filter obviously unreachable-source packets on an asymmetric transit edge. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?

  1. MACsec provider handoff
  2. management API certificate trust
  3. loose uRPF transit check
  4. BGP TTL security

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

loose uRPF transit check matches this requirement: the team should use loose source validation against route reachability rather than matching ingress. A relevant outcome would be that invalid-source traffic is denied while valid asymmetric routes pass.

Incorrect Answers

A:

MACsec provider handoff instead addresses a different condition: encrypt traffic directly across supported Ethernet links between managed devices. It would instead require you to establish MACsec connectivity associations and key management on both handoff peers, not the stated goal to filter obviously unreachable-source packets on an asymmetric transit edge.

B:

management API certificate trust instead addresses a different condition: protect provider management APIs from accepting an untrusted endpoint. It would instead require you to enforce TLS peer authentication and certificate-chain validation at the automation client, not the stated goal to filter obviously unreachable-source packets on an asymmetric transit edge.

D:

BGP TTL security instead addresses a different condition: reduce acceptance of spoofed multihop BGP control packets on an adjacent peering. It would instead require you to configure the generalized TTL security mechanism with the peer's expected hop distance, not the stated goal to filter obviously unreachable-source packets on an asymmetric transit edge.

Question 132

At Cedar Wireless, the engineering change is approved for loose uRPF transit check. The specific goal is to filter obviously unreachable-source packets on an asymmetric transit edge. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?

  1. Establish MACsec connectivity associations and key management on both handoff peers.
  2. Enforce TLS peer authentication and certificate-chain validation at the automation client.
  3. Configure the generalized TTL security mechanism with the peer's expected hop distance.
  4. Use loose source validation against route reachability rather than matching ingress.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Implementing loose uRPF transit check requires the operator to use loose source validation against route reachability rather than matching ingress. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that invalid-source traffic is denied while valid asymmetric routes pass.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The proposed step is for MACsec provider handoff, whose purpose is to encrypt traffic directly across supported Ethernet links between managed devices. It would not perform the necessary loose uRPF transit check operation: use loose source validation against route reachability rather than matching ingress.

B:

The proposed step is for management API certificate trust, whose purpose is to protect provider management APIs from accepting an untrusted endpoint. It would not perform the necessary loose uRPF transit check operation: use loose source validation against route reachability rather than matching ingress.

C:

The proposed step is for BGP TTL security, whose purpose is to reduce acceptance of spoofed multihop BGP control packets on an adjacent peering. It would not perform the necessary loose uRPF transit check operation: use loose source validation against route reachability rather than matching ingress.

Question 133

Willow Regional has deployed loose uRPF transit check to filter obviously unreachable-source packets on an asymmetric transit edge. The implementation step was to use loose source validation against route reachability rather than matching ingress. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?

  1. Invalid-source traffic is denied while valid asymmetric routes pass.
  2. Secure associations are active and frames are protected across the single Ethernet hop.
  3. An invalid remote certificate fails before configuration data are exchanged.
  4. BGP establishes only when the arriving packet TTL meets the chosen hop bound.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

For loose uRPF transit check, successful verification means that invalid-source traffic is denied while valid asymmetric routes pass. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can filter obviously unreachable-source packets on an asymmetric transit edge after deployment.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The observation would verify MACsec provider handoff under the separate requirement to encrypt traffic directly across supported Ethernet links between managed devices. It does not demonstrate the needed loose uRPF transit check result: invalid-source traffic is denied while valid asymmetric routes pass.

C:

The observation would verify management API certificate trust under the separate requirement to protect provider management APIs from accepting an untrusted endpoint. It does not demonstrate the needed loose uRPF transit check result: invalid-source traffic is denied while valid asymmetric routes pass.

D:

The observation would verify BGP TTL security under the separate requirement to reduce acceptance of spoofed multihop BGP control packets on an adjacent peering. It does not demonstrate the needed loose uRPF transit check result: invalid-source traffic is denied while valid asymmetric routes pass.

Question 134

While troubleshooting loose uRPF transit check at Atlas Backbone, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: invalid-source traffic is denied while valid asymmetric routes pass. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?

  1. A generic IPsec tunnel is configured but Ethernet-link security remains absent.
  2. Strict validation is enabled on a multihomed transit path and drops traffic.
  3. The script disables TLS verification to make a lab request succeed.
  4. The peer sends TTL values below the GTSM threshold and the session stays down.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The suspected defect directly frustrates loose uRPF transit check: strict validation is enabled on a multihomed transit path and drops traffic. Correcting it should allow verification that invalid-source traffic is denied while valid asymmetric routes pass.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This defect belongs to MACsec provider handoff, where the affected outcome is to encrypt traffic directly across supported Ethernet links between managed devices. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the loose uRPF transit check design in this case: strict validation is enabled on a multihomed transit path and drops traffic.

C:

This defect belongs to management API certificate trust, where the affected outcome is to protect provider management APIs from accepting an untrusted endpoint. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the loose uRPF transit check design in this case: strict validation is enabled on a multihomed transit path and drops traffic.

D:

This defect belongs to BGP TTL security, where the affected outcome is to reduce acceptance of spoofed multihop BGP control packets on an adjacent peering. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the loose uRPF transit check design in this case: strict validation is enabled on a multihomed transit path and drops traffic.

Question 135

After Starlight IP Services deploys loose uRPF transit check to filter obviously unreachable-source packets on an asymmetric transit edge, the primary acceptance check passes (invalid-source traffic is denied while valid asymmetric routes pass). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?

  1. MACsec does not encrypt a path beyond the protected adjacent Ethernet segment.
  2. Certificate rollover must be coordinated to prevent management outages.
  3. Loose mode offers less protection against spoofing from routable prefixes.
  4. A routing or tunnel hop change may require revisiting TTL expectations.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The relevant boundary of loose uRPF transit check is that loose mode offers less protection against spoofing from routable prefixes. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This concern applies to MACsec provider handoff in a different scenario where operators need to encrypt traffic directly across supported Ethernet links between managed devices. For the deployed loose uRPF transit check approach, the relevant caution is instead that loose mode offers less protection against spoofing from routable prefixes.

B:

This concern applies to management API certificate trust in a different scenario where operators need to protect provider management APIs from accepting an untrusted endpoint. For the deployed loose uRPF transit check approach, the relevant caution is instead that loose mode offers less protection against spoofing from routable prefixes.

D:

This concern applies to BGP TTL security in a different scenario where operators need to reduce acceptance of spoofed multihop BGP control packets on an adjacent peering. For the deployed loose uRPF transit check approach, the relevant caution is instead that loose mode offers less protection against spoofing from routable prefixes.

Question 136

Northstar Carrier must discard traffic destined to a targeted attacked host with explicit routing policy. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?

  1. customer edge ACL anti-spoof
  2. DDoS control plane differentiation
  3. management API certificate trust
  4. RTBH DDoS containment

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

RTBH DDoS containment matches this requirement: the team should inject an authorized remote-triggered blackhole route tagged for mitigation. A relevant outcome would be that the attacked destination is dropped at the intended upstream edges.

Incorrect Answers

A:

customer edge ACL anti-spoof instead addresses a different condition: permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary. It would instead require you to apply an ingress ACL matching the customer's assigned source address space, not the stated goal to discard traffic destined to a targeted attacked host with explicit routing policy.

B:

DDoS control plane differentiation instead addresses a different condition: distinguish volumetric customer-traffic floods from attacks on the router control plane. It would instead require you to combine upstream DDoS traffic filtering with separate control-plane punt protections, not the stated goal to discard traffic destined to a targeted attacked host with explicit routing policy.

C:

management API certificate trust instead addresses a different condition: protect provider management APIs from accepting an untrusted endpoint. It would instead require you to enforce TLS peer authentication and certificate-chain validation at the automation client, not the stated goal to discard traffic destined to a targeted attacked host with explicit routing policy.

Question 137

At Orion Transit, the engineering change is approved for RTBH DDoS containment. The specific goal is to discard traffic destined to a targeted attacked host with explicit routing policy. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?

  1. Inject an authorized remote-triggered blackhole route tagged for mitigation.
  2. Apply an ingress ACL matching the customer's assigned source address space.
  3. Combine upstream DDoS traffic filtering with separate control-plane punt protections.
  4. Enforce TLS peer authentication and certificate-chain validation at the automation client.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Implementing RTBH DDoS containment requires the operator to inject an authorized remote-triggered blackhole route tagged for mitigation. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that the attacked destination is dropped at the intended upstream edges.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The proposed step is for customer edge ACL anti-spoof, whose purpose is to permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary. It would not perform the necessary RTBH DDoS containment operation: inject an authorized remote-triggered blackhole route tagged for mitigation.

C:

The proposed step is for DDoS control plane differentiation, whose purpose is to distinguish volumetric customer-traffic floods from attacks on the router control plane. It would not perform the necessary RTBH DDoS containment operation: inject an authorized remote-triggered blackhole route tagged for mitigation.

D:

The proposed step is for management API certificate trust, whose purpose is to protect provider management APIs from accepting an untrusted endpoint. It would not perform the necessary RTBH DDoS containment operation: inject an authorized remote-triggered blackhole route tagged for mitigation.

Question 138

Meridian Networks has deployed RTBH DDoS containment to discard traffic destined to a targeted attacked host with explicit routing policy. The implementation step was to inject an authorized remote-triggered blackhole route tagged for mitigation. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?

  1. Permitted customer sources pass and nonassigned sources are denied and counted.
  2. The attacked destination is dropped at the intended upstream edges.
  3. Data-plane attack traffic drops while BGP and IGP control sessions remain healthy.
  4. An invalid remote certificate fails before configuration data are exchanged.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

For RTBH DDoS containment, successful verification means that the attacked destination is dropped at the intended upstream edges. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can discard traffic destined to a targeted attacked host with explicit routing policy after deployment.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The observation would verify customer edge ACL anti-spoof under the separate requirement to permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary. It does not demonstrate the needed RTBH DDoS containment result: the attacked destination is dropped at the intended upstream edges.

C:

The observation would verify DDoS control plane differentiation under the separate requirement to distinguish volumetric customer-traffic floods from attacks on the router control plane. It does not demonstrate the needed RTBH DDoS containment result: the attacked destination is dropped at the intended upstream edges.

D:

The observation would verify management API certificate trust under the separate requirement to protect provider management APIs from accepting an untrusted endpoint. It does not demonstrate the needed RTBH DDoS containment result: the attacked destination is dropped at the intended upstream edges.

Question 139

While troubleshooting RTBH DDoS containment at Kestrel Broadband, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: the attacked destination is dropped at the intended upstream edges. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?

  1. An egress ACL is installed where it never checks inbound spoofed packets.
  2. Only a routing CPU policy is installed while the transit link stays saturated.
  3. A blackhole tag is applied to a broad customer aggregate instead of one attacked host.
  4. The script disables TLS verification to make a lab request succeed.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The suspected defect directly frustrates RTBH DDoS containment: a blackhole tag is applied to a broad customer aggregate instead of one attacked host. Correcting it should allow verification that the attacked destination is dropped at the intended upstream edges.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This defect belongs to customer edge ACL anti-spoof, where the affected outcome is to permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the RTBH DDoS containment design in this case: a blackhole tag is applied to a broad customer aggregate instead of one attacked host.

B:

This defect belongs to DDoS control plane differentiation, where the affected outcome is to distinguish volumetric customer-traffic floods from attacks on the router control plane. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the RTBH DDoS containment design in this case: a blackhole tag is applied to a broad customer aggregate instead of one attacked host.

D:

This defect belongs to management API certificate trust, where the affected outcome is to protect provider management APIs from accepting an untrusted endpoint. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the RTBH DDoS containment design in this case: a blackhole tag is applied to a broad customer aggregate instead of one attacked host.

Question 140

After Harbor Metro deploys RTBH DDoS containment to discard traffic destined to a targeted attacked host with explicit routing policy, the primary acceptance check passes (the attacked destination is dropped at the intended upstream edges). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?

  1. A prefix change requires a synchronized ACL update to avoid customer outage.
  2. A traffic scrubbing strategy must account for return paths and collateral flows.
  3. Certificate rollover must be coordinated to prevent management outages.
  4. Blackholing sacrifices reachability to the protected address during mitigation.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The relevant boundary of RTBH DDoS containment is that blackholing sacrifices reachability to the protected address during mitigation. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This concern applies to customer edge ACL anti-spoof in a different scenario where operators need to permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary. For the deployed RTBH DDoS containment approach, the relevant caution is instead that blackholing sacrifices reachability to the protected address during mitigation.

B:

This concern applies to DDoS control plane differentiation in a different scenario where operators need to distinguish volumetric customer-traffic floods from attacks on the router control plane. For the deployed RTBH DDoS containment approach, the relevant caution is instead that blackholing sacrifices reachability to the protected address during mitigation.

C:

This concern applies to management API certificate trust in a different scenario where operators need to protect provider management APIs from accepting an untrusted endpoint. For the deployed RTBH DDoS containment approach, the relevant caution is instead that blackholing sacrifices reachability to the protected address during mitigation.


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