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Cisco 350-501 Practice Test 15

Question 140

After Harbor Metro deploys RTBH DDoS containment to discard traffic destined to a targeted attacked host with explicit routing policy, the primary acceptance check passes (the attacked destination is dropped at the intended upstream edges). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?

  1. A prefix change requires a synchronized ACL update to avoid customer outage.
  2. A traffic scrubbing strategy must account for return paths and collateral flows.
  3. Certificate rollover must be coordinated to prevent management outages.
  4. Blackholing sacrifices reachability to the protected address during mitigation.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The relevant boundary of RTBH DDoS containment is that blackholing sacrifices reachability to the protected address during mitigation. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This concern applies to customer edge ACL anti-spoof in a different scenario where operators need to permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary. For the deployed RTBH DDoS containment approach, the relevant caution is instead that blackholing sacrifices reachability to the protected address during mitigation.

B:

This concern applies to DDoS control plane differentiation in a different scenario where operators need to distinguish volumetric customer-traffic floods from attacks on the router control plane. For the deployed RTBH DDoS containment approach, the relevant caution is instead that blackholing sacrifices reachability to the protected address during mitigation.

C:

This concern applies to management API certificate trust in a different scenario where operators need to protect provider management APIs from accepting an untrusted endpoint. For the deployed RTBH DDoS containment approach, the relevant caution is instead that blackholing sacrifices reachability to the protected address during mitigation.

Question 141

Summit Service Provider must encrypt traffic directly across supported Ethernet links between managed devices. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?

  1. MACsec provider handoff
  2. strict uRPF customer check
  3. customer DSCP trust boundary
  4. BGP FlowSpec filtering

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

MACsec provider handoff matches this requirement: the team should establish MACsec connectivity associations and key management on both handoff peers. A relevant outcome would be that secure associations are active and frames are protected across the single Ethernet hop.

Incorrect Answers

B:

strict uRPF customer check instead addresses a different condition: block forged source addresses on a single-homed customer-facing interface. It would instead require you to enable strict source validation only where expected reverse-route interface matches ingress, not the stated goal to encrypt traffic directly across supported Ethernet links between managed devices.

C:

customer DSCP trust boundary instead addresses a different condition: prevent a subscriber from assigning itself premium forwarding by arbitrary DSCP markings. It would instead require you to remark or police traffic at the subscriber-to-provider classification boundary, not the stated goal to encrypt traffic directly across supported Ethernet links between managed devices.

D:

BGP FlowSpec filtering instead addresses a different condition: distribute narrowly scoped traffic-filtering rules to mitigate a specific attack flow. It would instead require you to publish and validate BGP FlowSpec NLRI through a trusted mitigation policy, not the stated goal to encrypt traffic directly across supported Ethernet links between managed devices.

Question 142

At Ridgeway Networks, the engineering change is approved for MACsec provider handoff. The specific goal is to encrypt traffic directly across supported Ethernet links between managed devices. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?

  1. Enable strict source validation only where expected reverse-route interface matches ingress.
  2. Establish MACsec connectivity associations and key management on both handoff peers.
  3. Remark or police traffic at the subscriber-to-provider classification boundary.
  4. Publish and validate BGP FlowSpec NLRI through a trusted mitigation policy.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Implementing MACsec provider handoff requires the operator to establish MACsec connectivity associations and key management on both handoff peers. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that secure associations are active and frames are protected across the single Ethernet hop.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The proposed step is for strict uRPF customer check, whose purpose is to block forged source addresses on a single-homed customer-facing interface. It would not perform the necessary MACsec provider handoff operation: establish MACsec connectivity associations and key management on both handoff peers.

C:

The proposed step is for customer DSCP trust boundary, whose purpose is to prevent a subscriber from assigning itself premium forwarding by arbitrary DSCP markings. It would not perform the necessary MACsec provider handoff operation: establish MACsec connectivity associations and key management on both handoff peers.

D:

The proposed step is for BGP FlowSpec filtering, whose purpose is to distribute narrowly scoped traffic-filtering rules to mitigate a specific attack flow. It would not perform the necessary MACsec provider handoff operation: establish MACsec connectivity associations and key management on both handoff peers.

Question 143

Lakeside Transport has deployed MACsec provider handoff to encrypt traffic directly across supported Ethernet links between managed devices. The implementation step was to establish MACsec connectivity associations and key management on both handoff peers. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?

  1. Packets with a legitimate source reverse path pass; spoofed sources fail.
  2. Untrusted DSCP is normalized before traffic reaches provider core queues.
  3. Secure associations are active and frames are protected across the single Ethernet hop.
  4. Only the specified malicious flow characteristics match and receive the mitigating action.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

For MACsec provider handoff, successful verification means that secure associations are active and frames are protected across the single Ethernet hop. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can encrypt traffic directly across supported Ethernet links between managed devices after deployment.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The observation would verify strict uRPF customer check under the separate requirement to block forged source addresses on a single-homed customer-facing interface. It does not demonstrate the needed MACsec provider handoff result: secure associations are active and frames are protected across the single Ethernet hop.

B:

The observation would verify customer DSCP trust boundary under the separate requirement to prevent a subscriber from assigning itself premium forwarding by arbitrary DSCP markings. It does not demonstrate the needed MACsec provider handoff result: secure associations are active and frames are protected across the single Ethernet hop.

D:

The observation would verify BGP FlowSpec filtering under the separate requirement to distribute narrowly scoped traffic-filtering rules to mitigate a specific attack flow. It does not demonstrate the needed MACsec provider handoff result: secure associations are active and frames are protected across the single Ethernet hop.

Question 144

While troubleshooting MACsec provider handoff at Coastal Communications, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: secure associations are active and frames are protected across the single Ethernet hop. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?

  1. Legitimate asymmetric flows are dropped after strict reverse-path enforcement.
  2. The subscriber's self-assigned EF mark is blindly accepted into strict priority.
  3. An overly broad FlowSpec rule discards legitimate customer flows.
  4. A generic IPsec tunnel is configured but Ethernet-link security remains absent.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The suspected defect directly frustrates MACsec provider handoff: a generic IPsec tunnel is configured but Ethernet-link security remains absent. Correcting it should allow verification that secure associations are active and frames are protected across the single Ethernet hop.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This defect belongs to strict uRPF customer check, where the affected outcome is to block forged source addresses on a single-homed customer-facing interface. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the MACsec provider handoff design in this case: a generic IPsec tunnel is configured but Ethernet-link security remains absent.

B:

This defect belongs to customer DSCP trust boundary, where the affected outcome is to prevent a subscriber from assigning itself premium forwarding by arbitrary DSCP markings. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the MACsec provider handoff design in this case: a generic IPsec tunnel is configured but Ethernet-link security remains absent.

C:

This defect belongs to BGP FlowSpec filtering, where the affected outcome is to distribute narrowly scoped traffic-filtering rules to mitigate a specific attack flow. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the MACsec provider handoff design in this case: a generic IPsec tunnel is configured but Ethernet-link security remains absent.

Question 145

After Bluebird Infrastructure deploys MACsec provider handoff to encrypt traffic directly across supported Ethernet links between managed devices, the primary acceptance check passes (secure associations are active and frames are protected across the single Ethernet hop). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?

  1. MACsec does not encrypt a path beyond the protected adjacent Ethernet segment.
  2. Strict mode can be unsuitable at asymmetrically routed provider edges.
  3. Trusted markings require explicit customer policy and rate limits.
  4. Policy validation and rule precedence are essential to avoid outages.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The relevant boundary of MACsec provider handoff is that MACsec does not encrypt a path beyond the protected adjacent Ethernet segment. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This concern applies to strict uRPF customer check in a different scenario where operators need to block forged source addresses on a single-homed customer-facing interface. For the deployed MACsec provider handoff approach, the relevant caution is instead that MACsec does not encrypt a path beyond the protected adjacent Ethernet segment.

C:

This concern applies to customer DSCP trust boundary in a different scenario where operators need to prevent a subscriber from assigning itself premium forwarding by arbitrary DSCP markings. For the deployed MACsec provider handoff approach, the relevant caution is instead that MACsec does not encrypt a path beyond the protected adjacent Ethernet segment.

D:

This concern applies to BGP FlowSpec filtering in a different scenario where operators need to distribute narrowly scoped traffic-filtering rules to mitigate a specific attack flow. For the deployed MACsec provider handoff approach, the relevant caution is instead that MACsec does not encrypt a path beyond the protected adjacent Ethernet segment.

Question 146

Horizon Exchange must permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?

  1. strict uRPF customer check
  2. customer edge ACL anti-spoof
  3. routed optical convergence
  4. SRv6 core path instruction

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

customer edge ACL anti-spoof matches this requirement: the team should apply an ingress ACL matching the customer's assigned source address space. A relevant outcome would be that permitted customer sources pass and nonassigned sources are denied and counted.

Incorrect Answers

A:

strict uRPF customer check instead addresses a different condition: block forged source addresses on a single-homed customer-facing interface. It would instead require you to enable strict source validation only where expected reverse-route interface matches ingress, not the stated goal to permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary.

C:

routed optical convergence instead addresses a different condition: reduce layers between IP routing and transport while retaining an optical link path. It would instead require you to design routed-optical coherent optics with layer-3 routing over the provisioned optical channel, not the stated goal to permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary.

D:

SRv6 core path instruction instead addresses a different condition: steer provider packets along an IPv6 segment list without MPLS label transport. It would instead require you to use an SRv6 policy with suitable locators and segment identifiers on supported devices, not the stated goal to permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary.

Question 147

At Cedar Wireless, the engineering change is approved for customer edge ACL anti-spoof. The specific goal is to permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?

  1. Enable strict source validation only where expected reverse-route interface matches ingress.
  2. Design routed-optical coherent optics with layer-3 routing over the provisioned optical channel.
  3. Apply an ingress ACL matching the customer's assigned source address space.
  4. Use an SRv6 policy with suitable locators and segment identifiers on supported devices.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Implementing customer edge ACL anti-spoof requires the operator to apply an ingress ACL matching the customer's assigned source address space. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that permitted customer sources pass and nonassigned sources are denied and counted.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The proposed step is for strict uRPF customer check, whose purpose is to block forged source addresses on a single-homed customer-facing interface. It would not perform the necessary customer edge ACL anti-spoof operation: apply an ingress ACL matching the customer's assigned source address space.

B:

The proposed step is for routed optical convergence, whose purpose is to reduce layers between IP routing and transport while retaining an optical link path. It would not perform the necessary customer edge ACL anti-spoof operation: apply an ingress ACL matching the customer's assigned source address space.

D:

The proposed step is for SRv6 core path instruction, whose purpose is to steer provider packets along an IPv6 segment list without MPLS label transport. It would not perform the necessary customer edge ACL anti-spoof operation: apply an ingress ACL matching the customer's assigned source address space.

Question 148

Willow Regional has deployed customer edge ACL anti-spoof to permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary. The implementation step was to apply an ingress ACL matching the customer's assigned source address space. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?

  1. Packets with a legitimate source reverse path pass; spoofed sources fail.
  2. Router adjacency and coherent optical performance counters confirm end-to-end operation.
  3. The SID list and resulting forwarding path match the intended policy.
  4. Permitted customer sources pass and nonassigned sources are denied and counted.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

For customer edge ACL anti-spoof, successful verification means that permitted customer sources pass and nonassigned sources are denied and counted. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary after deployment.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The observation would verify strict uRPF customer check under the separate requirement to block forged source addresses on a single-homed customer-facing interface. It does not demonstrate the needed customer edge ACL anti-spoof result: permitted customer sources pass and nonassigned sources are denied and counted.

B:

The observation would verify routed optical convergence under the separate requirement to reduce layers between IP routing and transport while retaining an optical link path. It does not demonstrate the needed customer edge ACL anti-spoof result: permitted customer sources pass and nonassigned sources are denied and counted.

C:

The observation would verify SRv6 core path instruction under the separate requirement to steer provider packets along an IPv6 segment list without MPLS label transport. It does not demonstrate the needed customer edge ACL anti-spoof result: permitted customer sources pass and nonassigned sources are denied and counted.

Question 149

While troubleshooting customer edge ACL anti-spoof at Atlas Backbone, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: permitted customer sources pass and nonassigned sources are denied and counted. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?

  1. An egress ACL is installed where it never checks inbound spoofed packets.
  2. Legitimate asymmetric flows are dropped after strict reverse-path enforcement.
  3. The transponder terminates optical traffic but no IP adjacency exists.
  4. An SR-MPLS label stack is configured on an IPv6-only segment-routing edge.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The suspected defect directly frustrates customer edge ACL anti-spoof: an egress ACL is installed where it never checks inbound spoofed packets. Correcting it should allow verification that permitted customer sources pass and nonassigned sources are denied and counted.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This defect belongs to strict uRPF customer check, where the affected outcome is to block forged source addresses on a single-homed customer-facing interface. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the customer edge ACL anti-spoof design in this case: an egress ACL is installed where it never checks inbound spoofed packets.

C:

This defect belongs to routed optical convergence, where the affected outcome is to reduce layers between IP routing and transport while retaining an optical link path. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the customer edge ACL anti-spoof design in this case: an egress ACL is installed where it never checks inbound spoofed packets.

D:

This defect belongs to SRv6 core path instruction, where the affected outcome is to steer provider packets along an IPv6 segment list without MPLS label transport. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the customer edge ACL anti-spoof design in this case: an egress ACL is installed where it never checks inbound spoofed packets.

Question 150

After Starlight IP Services deploys customer edge ACL anti-spoof to permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary, the primary acceptance check passes (permitted customer sources pass and nonassigned sources are denied and counted). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?

  1. Strict mode can be unsuitable at asymmetrically routed provider edges.
  2. A prefix change requires a synchronized ACL update to avoid customer outage.
  3. Optical impairments are not solved by an IP reroute alone.
  4. Each transit node must support the required SRv6 behavior and MTU.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The relevant boundary of customer edge ACL anti-spoof is that a prefix change requires a synchronized ACL update to avoid customer outage. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This concern applies to strict uRPF customer check in a different scenario where operators need to block forged source addresses on a single-homed customer-facing interface. For the deployed customer edge ACL anti-spoof approach, the relevant caution is instead that a prefix change requires a synchronized ACL update to avoid customer outage.

C:

This concern applies to routed optical convergence in a different scenario where operators need to reduce layers between IP routing and transport while retaining an optical link path. For the deployed customer edge ACL anti-spoof approach, the relevant caution is instead that a prefix change requires a synchronized ACL update to avoid customer outage.

D:

This concern applies to SRv6 core path instruction in a different scenario where operators need to steer provider packets along an IPv6 segment list without MPLS label transport. For the deployed customer edge ACL anti-spoof approach, the relevant caution is instead that a prefix change requires a synchronized ACL update to avoid customer outage.


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