Question 420
A BGP router accepts two routes to the same destination, and local operations must select one using an explicit inbound weight on a single router only. During troubleshooting: An operator expects a change to local Cisco weight to alter all routers' best paths. Which underlying cause best explains the recorded behavior?
- An intentional AS-path prepend on the shorter provider made it appear longer to the receiver.
- BGP weight is locally significant and is not advertised in BGP updates.
- BGP preference order evaluates higher LOCAL_PREF before AS path length when otherwise eligible.
- The BGP NEXT_HOP attribute has no resolvable path in the routing table.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The actual technical cause is: BGP weight is locally significant and is not advertised in BGP updates. It specifically explains the observation: an operator expects a change to local Cisco weight to alter all routers' best paths. The correcting configuration is: apply an appropriate Cisco-local BGP weight policy on the chosen router without expecting it to propagate to peers.
Incorrect Answers
A:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: Traffic chooses the longer provider path although all higher-priority attributes tie and the shorter path is eligible. Here the recorded observation is: an operator expects a change to local Cisco weight to alter all routers' best paths. The applicable cause is: bGP weight is locally significant and is not advertised in BGP updates.
C:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: An engineer predicts the shorter AS_PATH must win although another route has higher LOCAL_PREF. Here the recorded observation is: an operator expects a change to local Cisco weight to alter all routers' best paths. The applicable cause is: bGP weight is locally significant and is not advertised in BGP updates.
D:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: `show bgp` displays a received network but no usable installed route due to inaccessible next hop. Here the recorded observation is: an operator expects a change to local Cisco weight to alter all routers' best paths. The applicable cause is: bGP weight is locally significant and is not advertised in BGP updates.
Question 421
A BGP router accepts two routes to the same destination, and local operations must select one using an explicit inbound weight on a single router only. The initial change is: Apply an appropriate Cisco-local BGP weight policy on the chosen router without expecting it to propagate to peers. Which continuing control most directly prevents a recurrence of the documented problem: An operator expects a change to local Cisco weight to alter all routers' best paths.
- Use propagated attributes such as LOCAL_PREF for AS-wide preference rather than relying on local weight.
- Review prepend policy and baseline attribute priorities together before traffic engineering.
- Document attribute precedence and propagation scope in routing policy reviews.
- Validate next-hop reachability separately from BGP session Established status.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The continuing protective control is: Use propagated attributes such as LOCAL_PREF for AS-wide preference rather than relying on local weight. This addresses the underlying failure mechanism: bGP weight is locally significant and is not advertised in BGP updates. The corresponding operational check is: inspect local weight and best-path choice, then confirm neighboring iBGP routers do not inherit that weight.
Incorrect Answers
B:That control reduces a separate risk: An intentional AS-path prepend on the shorter provider made it appear longer to the receiver. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: bGP weight is locally significant and is not advertised in BGP updates. The specific required safeguard is: use propagated attributes such as LOCAL_PREF for AS-wide preference rather than relying on local weight.
C:That control reduces a separate risk: BGP preference order evaluates higher LOCAL_PREF before AS path length when otherwise eligible. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: bGP weight is locally significant and is not advertised in BGP updates. The specific required safeguard is: use propagated attributes such as LOCAL_PREF for AS-wide preference rather than relying on local weight.
D:That control reduces a separate risk: The BGP NEXT_HOP attribute has no resolvable path in the routing table. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: bGP weight is locally significant and is not advertised in BGP updates. The specific required safeguard is: use propagated attributes such as LOCAL_PREF for AS-wide preference rather than relying on local weight.
Question 422
Traffic from subnet192.0.2.0/24 should take an inspected firewall next hop while ordinary users follow normal destination-based routes. The incident evidence is: Inspection traffic bypasses the firewall although the ordinary FIB route is healthy. Which targeted configuration or design change best addresses the failure?
- Apply a validated policy-based route map matching that source and setting a reachable policy next hop on the ingress L3 interface.
- Refine PBR classification to match the intended source and destination selectors before setting the policy next hop.
- Use a supported tracked or verified next-hop policy where appropriate and document normal-routing fallback.
- Restore next-hop reachability through appropriate IGP/static routing or supported next-hop-self policy where required.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The required correction is: Apply a validated policy-based route map matching that source and setting a reachable policy next hop on the ingress L3 interface. The underlying failure mechanism is: No effective ingress PBR policy matches the inspection source before ordinary route lookup. Verify success by carrying out this direct test: test two source subnets to the same destination and inspect policy match counts and actual next hops.
Incorrect Answers
B:Refine PBR classification to match the intended source and destination selectors would not address the need for a validated policy-based route map matching that source.
C:Using a supported tracked or verified next-hop policy where appropriate and documenting normal-routing fallback would not address the need for a validated policy-based route map matching that source.
D:Restoring next-hop reachability through appropriate IGP/static routing or supported next-hop-self policy where required would not address the need for a validated policy-based route map matching that source.
Question 423
Traffic from subnet192.0.2.0/24 should take an inspected firewall next hop while ordinary users follow normal destination-based routes. The proposed remedy is: Apply a validated policy-based route map matching that source and setting a reachable policy next hop on the ingress L3 interface. Which observation would most directly confirm that remedy works as intended?
- Test two source subnets to the same destination and inspect policy match counts and actual next hops.
- Run matched and unmatched source/destination test flows to verify only SaaS traffic is steered.
- Inspect `show ip local policy` and trace locally generated syslog packets over the intended monitored next hop.
- Simulate next-hop loss and inspect path selection for matched traffic.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The decisive acceptance observation is: Test two source subnets to the same destination and inspect policy match counts and actual next hops. This tests the working mechanism, while the original incident was: inspection traffic bypasses the firewall although the ordinary FIB route is healthy.
Incorrect Answers
B:This test measures a different behavior: Run matched and unmatched source/destination test flows to verify only SaaS traffic is steered. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: test two source subnets to the same destination and inspect policy match counts and actual next hops.
C:This test measures a different behavior: Inspect `show ip local policy` and trace locally generated syslog packets over the intended monitored next hop. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: test two source subnets to the same destination and inspect policy match counts and actual next hops.
D:This test measures a different behavior: Simulate next-hop loss and inspect path selection for matched traffic. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: test two source subnets to the same destination and inspect policy match counts and actual next hops.
Question 424
Traffic from subnet192.0.2.0/24 should take an inspected firewall next hop while ordinary users follow normal destination-based routes. During troubleshooting: Inspection traffic bypasses the firewall although the ordinary FIB route is healthy. Which underlying cause best explains the recorded behavior?
- Interface-applied PBR does not act on locally generated packets without a local PBR policy.
- The PBR next-hop selection lacks health tracking or an available fallback path.
- The policy route-map match criteria are too broad for the documented service destination.
- No effective ingress PBR policy matches the inspection source before ordinary route lookup.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The actual technical cause is: No effective ingress PBR policy matches the inspection source before ordinary route lookup. It specifically explains the observation: inspection traffic bypasses the firewall although the ordinary FIB route is healthy. The correcting configuration is: apply a validated policy-based route map matching that source and setting a reachable policy next hop on the ingress L3 interface.
Incorrect Answers
A:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: Transit users match interface PBR as expected, but the router's own syslog packets still use the ordinary routing table. Here the recorded observation is: inspection traffic bypasses the firewall although the ordinary FIB route is healthy. The applicable cause is: no effective ingress PBR policy matches the inspection source before ordinary route lookup.
B:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: Packets matching PBR are forwarded to an unreachable policy next hop until the route map changes. Here the recorded observation is: inspection traffic bypasses the firewall although the ordinary FIB route is healthy. The applicable cause is: no effective ingress PBR policy matches the inspection source before ordinary route lookup.
C:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: Ordinary DNS traffic is sent to the special SaaS inspection next hop. Here the recorded observation is: inspection traffic bypasses the firewall although the ordinary FIB route is healthy. The applicable cause is: no effective ingress PBR policy matches the inspection source before ordinary route lookup.
Question 425
Traffic from subnet192.0.2.0/24 should take an inspected firewall next hop while ordinary users follow normal destination-based routes. The initial change is: Apply a validated policy-based route map matching that source and setting a reachable policy next hop on the ingress L3 interface. Which continuing control most directly prevents a recurrence of the documented problem: Inspection traffic bypasses the firewall although the ordinary FIB route is healthy.
- Review PBR sources, next-hop tracking and fallback behavior after subnet changes.
- Use counters and negative-match testing whenever PBR ACLs are expanded.
- Monitor policy next-hop reachability and include failure tests in PBR acceptance.
- Test locally originated versus transit traffic separately when changing policy routing and account for platform-specific TCP caveats.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The continuing protective control is: Review PBR sources, next-hop tracking and fallback behavior after subnet changes. This addresses the underlying failure mechanism: no effective ingress PBR policy matches the inspection source before ordinary route lookup. The corresponding operational check is: test two source subnets to the same destination and inspect policy match counts and actual next hops.
Incorrect Answers
B:That control reduces a separate risk: The policy route-map match criteria are too broad for the documented service destination. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: no effective ingress PBR policy matches the inspection source before ordinary route lookup. The specific required safeguard is: review PBR sources, next-hop tracking and fallback behavior after subnet changes.
C:That control reduces a separate risk: The PBR next-hop selection lacks health tracking or an available fallback path. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: no effective ingress PBR policy matches the inspection source before ordinary route lookup. The specific required safeguard is: review PBR sources, next-hop tracking and fallback behavior after subnet changes.
D:That control reduces a separate risk: Interface-applied PBR does not act on locally generated packets without a local PBR policy. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: no effective ingress PBR policy matches the inspection source before ordinary route lookup. The specific required safeguard is: review PBR sources, next-hop tracking and fallback behavior after subnet changes.
Question 426
A PBR policy selects a next hop that is down; operations wants traffic to fall back safely rather than blackhole. The incident evidence is: Packets matching PBR are forwarded to an unreachable policy next hop until the route map changes. Which targeted configuration or design change best addresses the failure?
- Use a supported tracked or verified next-hop policy where appropriate and document normal-routing fallback.
- Enable supported `ip local policy route-map` for the locally generated syslog flow instead of binding only an ingress interface policy.
- Refine PBR classification to match the intended source and destination selectors before setting the policy next hop.
- Apply a validated policy-based route map matching that source and setting a reachable policy next hop on the ingress L3 interface.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The required correction is: Use a supported tracked or verified next-hop policy where appropriate and document normal-routing fallback. The underlying failure mechanism is: The PBR next-hop selection lacks health tracking or an available fallback path. Verify success by carrying out this direct test: simulate next-hop loss and inspect path selection for matched traffic.
Incorrect Answers
B:Enabling supported `ip local policy route-map` for the locally generated syslog flow would not meet the need for a supported tracked or verified next-hop policy where appropriate and document normal-routing fallback.
C:Refine PBR classification to match the intended source and destination selectors would not meet the need for a supported tracked or verified next-hop policy where appropriate and document normal-routing fallback.
D:Applying a validated policy-based route map matching that source and setting a reachable policy next hop on the ingress L3 interface would not meet the need for a supported tracked or verified next-hop policy where appropriate and document normal-routing fallback.
Question 427
A PBR policy selects a next hop that is down; operations wants traffic to fall back safely rather than blackhole. The proposed remedy is: Use a supported tracked or verified next-hop policy where appropriate and document normal-routing fallback. Which observation would most directly confirm that remedy works as intended?
- Check BGP next-hop resolution and RIB installation of the previously ineligible prefix.
- Simulate next-hop loss and inspect path selection for matched traffic.
- Run matched and unmatched source/destination test flows to verify only SaaS traffic is steered.
- Inspect `show ip local policy` and trace locally generated syslog packets over the intended monitored next hop.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The decisive acceptance observation is: Simulate next-hop loss and inspect path selection for matched traffic. This tests the working mechanism, while the original incident was: packets matching PBR are forwarded to an unreachable policy next hop until the route map changes.
Incorrect Answers
A:This test measures a different behavior: Check BGP next-hop resolution and RIB installation of the previously ineligible prefix. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: simulate next-hop loss and inspect path selection for matched traffic.
C:This test measures a different behavior: Run matched and unmatched source/destination test flows to verify only SaaS traffic is steered. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: simulate next-hop loss and inspect path selection for matched traffic.
D:This test measures a different behavior: Inspect `show ip local policy` and trace locally generated syslog packets over the intended monitored next hop. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: simulate next-hop loss and inspect path selection for matched traffic.
Question 428
A PBR policy selects a next hop that is down; operations wants traffic to fall back safely rather than blackhole. During troubleshooting: Packets matching PBR are forwarded to an unreachable policy next hop until the route map changes. Which underlying cause best explains the recorded behavior?
- The PBR next-hop selection lacks health tracking or an available fallback path.
- Interface-applied PBR does not act on locally generated packets without a local PBR policy.
- The BGP NEXT_HOP attribute has no resolvable path in the routing table.
- The policy route-map match criteria are too broad for the documented service destination.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The actual technical cause is: The PBR next-hop selection lacks health tracking or an available fallback path. It specifically explains the observation: packets matching PBR are forwarded to an unreachable policy next hop until the route map changes. The correcting configuration is: use a supported tracked or verified next-hop policy where appropriate and document normal-routing fallback.
Incorrect Answers
B:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: Transit users match interface PBR as expected, but the router's own syslog packets still use the ordinary routing table. Here the recorded observation is: packets matching PBR are forwarded to an unreachable policy next hop until the route map changes. The applicable cause is: the PBR next-hop selection lacks health tracking or an available fallback path.
C:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: `show bgp` displays a received network but no usable installed route due to inaccessible next hop. Here the recorded observation is: packets matching PBR are forwarded to an unreachable policy next hop until the route map changes. The applicable cause is: the PBR next-hop selection lacks health tracking or an available fallback path.
D:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: Ordinary DNS traffic is sent to the special SaaS inspection next hop. Here the recorded observation is: packets matching PBR are forwarded to an unreachable policy next hop until the route map changes. The applicable cause is: the PBR next-hop selection lacks health tracking or an available fallback path.
Question 429
A PBR policy selects a next hop that is down; operations wants traffic to fall back safely rather than blackhole. The initial change is: Use a supported tracked or verified next-hop policy where appropriate and document normal-routing fallback. Which continuing control most directly prevents a recurrence of the documented problem: Packets matching PBR are forwarded to an unreachable policy next hop until the route map changes.
- Monitor policy next-hop reachability and include failure tests in PBR acceptance.
- Test locally originated versus transit traffic separately when changing policy routing and account for platform-specific TCP caveats.
- Validate next-hop reachability separately from BGP session Established status.
- Use counters and negative-match testing whenever PBR ACLs are expanded.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The continuing protective control is: Monitor policy next-hop reachability and include failure tests in PBR acceptance. This addresses the underlying failure mechanism: the PBR next-hop selection lacks health tracking or an available fallback path. The corresponding operational check is: simulate next-hop loss and inspect path selection for matched traffic.
Incorrect Answers
B:That control reduces a separate risk: Interface-applied PBR does not act on locally generated packets without a local PBR policy. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: the PBR next-hop selection lacks health tracking or an available fallback path. The specific required safeguard is: monitor policy next-hop reachability and include failure tests in PBR acceptance.
C:That control reduces a separate risk: The BGP NEXT_HOP attribute has no resolvable path in the routing table. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: the PBR next-hop selection lacks health tracking or an available fallback path. The specific required safeguard is: monitor policy next-hop reachability and include failure tests in PBR acceptance.
D:That control reduces a separate risk: The policy route-map match criteria are too broad for the documented service destination. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: the PBR next-hop selection lacks health tracking or an available fallback path. The specific required safeguard is: monitor policy next-hop reachability and include failure tests in PBR acceptance.
Question 430
A router-generated UDP syslog flow must use a specific monitored egress next hop, but its existing inbound PBR route map only changes packets entering interfaces, not traffic originating on the router itself. The incident evidence is: Transit users match interface PBR as expected, but the router's own syslog packets still use the ordinary routing table. Which targeted configuration or design change best addresses the failure?
- Refine PBR classification to match the intended source and destination selectors before setting the policy next hop.
- Use the supported `always` option only when intentionally advertising default irrespective of a local installed default.
- Use a supported tracked or verified next-hop policy where appropriate and document normal-routing fallback.
- Enable supported `ip local policy route-map` for the locally generated syslog flow instead of binding only an ingress interface policy.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The required correction is: Enable supported `ip local policy route-map` for the locally generated syslog flow instead of binding only an ingress interface policy. The underlying failure mechanism is: Interface-applied PBR does not act on locally generated packets without a local PBR policy. Verify success by carrying out this direct test: inspect `show ip local policy` and trace locally generated syslog packets over the intended monitored next hop.
Incorrect Answers
A:Refine PBR classification to match the intended source and destination selectors would not enable supported `ip local policy route-map` for the locally generated syslog flow.
B:Using the supported `always` option only when intentionally advertising default irrespective of a local installed default would not enable supported `ip local policy route-map` for the locally generated syslog flow.
C:Using a supported tracked or verified next-hop policy where appropriate and documenting normal-routing fallback would not enable supported `ip local policy route-map` for the locally generated syslog flow.
Implementing Cisco Enterprise Network Core Technologies (ENCOR) (350-401) Practice Tests