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Cisco 350-401 Practice Test 45

Question 440

Network gear must synchronize clocks to a designated NTP source, but a branch switch points to a disconnected peer. During troubleshooting: Syslog timestamps drift because the switch is not synchronized to any valid NTP peer. Which underlying cause best explains the recorded behavior?

  1. NTP lacks the required hardware timestamp and PTP synchronization behavior for this application.
  2. NTP source authentication or access controls are not enforcing the trust requirement.
  3. The configured NTP source is unreachable or not accepted for synchronization.
  4. The required PIM bidirectional shared-tree/RP design was not consistently enabled.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The actual technical cause is: The configured NTP source is unreachable or not accepted for synchronization. It specifically explains the observation: syslog timestamps drift because the switch is not synchronized to any valid NTP peer. The correcting configuration is: configure a reachable, approved NTP server and appropriate authentication where supported.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: The device never reaches the target precision despite a healthy standard NTP synchronization. Here the recorded observation is: syslog timestamps drift because the switch is not synchronized to any valid NTP peer. The applicable cause is: the configured NTP source is unreachable or not accepted for synchronization.

B:

That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: The device synchronizes to an unauthorized source rather than the approved time reference. Here the recorded observation is: syslog timestamps drift because the switch is not synchronized to any valid NTP peer. The applicable cause is: the configured NTP source is unreachable or not accepted for synchronization.

D:

That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: A bidirectional group receives data only from one source because the network was built on incompatible source-tree assumptions. Here the recorded observation is: syslog timestamps drift because the switch is not synchronized to any valid NTP peer. The applicable cause is: the configured NTP source is unreachable or not accepted for synchronization.

Question 441

Network gear must synchronize clocks to a designated NTP source, but a branch switch points to a disconnected peer. The initial change is: Configure a reachable, approved NTP server and appropriate authentication where supported. Which continuing control most directly prevents a recurrence of the documented problem: Syslog timestamps drift because the switch is not synchronized to any valid NTP peer.

  1. Validate DF elections and bidirectional group address assignments across routing changes.
  2. Track PTP profile, clock-domain and hardware support before introducing new switches.
  3. Rotate NTP keys and audit peer reachability without silently falling back to untrusted clocks.
  4. Monitor sync state and authenticated time sources, not just a configured server line.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The continuing protective control is: Monitor sync state and authenticated time sources, not just a configured server line. This addresses the underlying failure mechanism: the configured NTP source is unreachable or not accepted for synchronization. The corresponding operational check is: compare NTP association reachability, synchronization state and offset to the authoritative time source.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That control reduces a separate risk: The required PIM bidirectional shared-tree/RP design was not consistently enabled. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: the configured NTP source is unreachable or not accepted for synchronization. The specific required safeguard is: monitor sync state and authenticated time sources, not just a configured server line.

B:

That control reduces a separate risk: NTP lacks the required hardware timestamp and PTP synchronization behavior for this application. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: the configured NTP source is unreachable or not accepted for synchronization. The specific required safeguard is: monitor sync state and authenticated time sources, not just a configured server line.

C:

That control reduces a separate risk: NTP source authentication or access controls are not enforcing the trust requirement. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: the configured NTP source is unreachable or not accepted for synchronization. The specific required safeguard is: monitor sync state and authenticated time sources, not just a configured server line.

Question 442

A campus timing network requires high-precision submicrosecond clock delivery for a supported application rather than ordinary millisecond-range NTP synchronization. The incident evidence is: The device never reaches the target precision despite a healthy standard NTP synchronization. Which targeted configuration or design change best addresses the failure?

  1. Configure a reachable, approved NTP server and appropriate authentication where supported.
  2. Use a supported PTP grandmaster/transparent or boundary-clock design for the required timing accuracy.
  3. Configure supported NTP authentication/key associations and restrict permitted peers where required.
  4. Use IGMPv3 source filters and an appropriate PIM SSM range rather than any-source RP reliance.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The required correction is: Use a supported PTP grandmaster/transparent or boundary-clock design for the required timing accuracy. The underlying failure mechanism is: NTP lacks the required hardware timestamp and PTP synchronization behavior for this application. Verify success by carrying out this direct test: inspect PTP master selection, path delay and slave synchronization offset.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Configuring a reachable, approved NTP server and appropriate authentication where supported would not meet the need for a supported PTP grandmaster/transparent or boundary-clock design for the required timing accuracy.

C:

Configuring supported NTP authentication/key associations and restricting permitted peers where required would not meet the need for a supported PTP grandmaster/transparent or boundary-clock design for the required timing accuracy.

D:

Using IGMPv3 source filters and an appropriate PIM SSM range rather than any-source RP reliance would not meet the need for a supported PTP grandmaster/transparent or boundary-clock design for the required timing accuracy.

Question 443

A campus timing network requires high-precision submicrosecond clock delivery for a supported application rather than ordinary millisecond-range NTP synchronization. The proposed remedy is: Use a supported PTP grandmaster/transparent or boundary-clock design for the required timing accuracy. Which observation would most directly confirm that remedy works as intended?

  1. Compare NTP association reachability, synchronization state and offset to the authoritative time source.
  2. Inspect (S,G) subscriptions for the allowed source and confirm other sources are excluded.
  3. Inspect PTP master selection, path delay and slave synchronization offset.
  4. Check authenticated NTP association state and reject test replies from an untrusted peer.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The decisive acceptance observation is: Inspect PTP master selection, path delay and slave synchronization offset. This tests the working mechanism, while the original incident was: the device never reaches the target precision despite a healthy standard NTP synchronization.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This test measures a different behavior: Compare NTP association reachability, synchronization state and offset to the authoritative time source. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: inspect PTP master selection, path delay and slave synchronization offset.

B:

This test measures a different behavior: Inspect (S,G) subscriptions for the allowed source and confirm other sources are excluded. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: inspect PTP master selection, path delay and slave synchronization offset.

D:

This test measures a different behavior: Check authenticated NTP association state and reject test replies from an untrusted peer. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: inspect PTP master selection, path delay and slave synchronization offset.

Question 444

A campus timing network requires high-precision submicrosecond clock delivery for a supported application rather than ordinary millisecond-range NTP synchronization. During troubleshooting: The device never reaches the target precision despite a healthy standard NTP synchronization. Which underlying cause best explains the recorded behavior?

  1. NTP source authentication or access controls are not enforcing the trust requirement.
  2. The configured NTP source is unreachable or not accepted for synchronization.
  3. Source-specific membership signaling or SSM configuration was not enforced at the receiver edge.
  4. NTP lacks the required hardware timestamp and PTP synchronization behavior for this application.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The actual technical cause is: NTP lacks the required hardware timestamp and PTP synchronization behavior for this application. It specifically explains the observation: the device never reaches the target precision despite a healthy standard NTP synchronization. The correcting configuration is: use a supported PTP grandmaster/transparent or boundary-clock design for the required timing accuracy.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: The device synchronizes to an unauthorized source rather than the approved time reference. Here the recorded observation is: the device never reaches the target precision despite a healthy standard NTP synchronization. The applicable cause is: nTP lacks the required hardware timestamp and PTP synchronization behavior for this application.

B:

That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: Syslog timestamps drift because the switch is not synchronized to any valid NTP peer. Here the recorded observation is: the device never reaches the target precision despite a healthy standard NTP synchronization. The applicable cause is: nTP lacks the required hardware timestamp and PTP synchronization behavior for this application.

C:

That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: Receiver sees multicast data from an unapproved source within the same group address. Here the recorded observation is: the device never reaches the target precision despite a healthy standard NTP synchronization. The applicable cause is: nTP lacks the required hardware timestamp and PTP synchronization behavior for this application.

Question 445

A campus timing network requires high-precision submicrosecond clock delivery for a supported application rather than ordinary millisecond-range NTP synchronization. The initial change is: Use a supported PTP grandmaster/transparent or boundary-clock design for the required timing accuracy. Which continuing control most directly prevents a recurrence of the documented problem: The device never reaches the target precision despite a healthy standard NTP synchronization.

  1. Review IGMPv3 receiver compatibility and source filters after application changes.
  2. Monitor sync state and authenticated time sources, not just a configured server line.
  3. Track PTP profile, clock-domain and hardware support before introducing new switches.
  4. Rotate NTP keys and audit peer reachability without silently falling back to untrusted clocks.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The continuing protective control is: Track PTP profile, clock-domain and hardware support before introducing new switches. This addresses the underlying failure mechanism: nTP lacks the required hardware timestamp and PTP synchronization behavior for this application. The corresponding operational check is: inspect PTP master selection, path delay and slave synchronization offset.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That control reduces a separate risk: Source-specific membership signaling or SSM configuration was not enforced at the receiver edge. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: nTP lacks the required hardware timestamp and PTP synchronization behavior for this application. The specific required safeguard is: track PTP profile, clock-domain and hardware support before introducing new switches.

B:

That control reduces a separate risk: The configured NTP source is unreachable or not accepted for synchronization. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: nTP lacks the required hardware timestamp and PTP synchronization behavior for this application. The specific required safeguard is: track PTP profile, clock-domain and hardware support before introducing new switches.

D:

That control reduces a separate risk: NTP source authentication or access controls are not enforcing the trust requirement. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: nTP lacks the required hardware timestamp and PTP synchronization behavior for this application. The specific required safeguard is: track PTP profile, clock-domain and hardware support before introducing new switches.

Question 446

An NTP client accepts unauthenticated replies from unapproved sources even though the environment requires trust in one designated time server. The incident evidence is: The device synchronizes to an unauthorized source rather than the approved time reference. Which targeted configuration or design change best addresses the failure?

  1. Configure NAT overload/PAT from approved inside sources to the outside interface address.
  2. Configure a reachable, approved NTP server and appropriate authentication where supported.
  3. Configure supported NTP authentication/key associations and restrict permitted peers where required.
  4. Use a supported PTP grandmaster/transparent or boundary-clock design for the required timing accuracy.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The required correction is: Configure supported NTP authentication/key associations and restrict permitted peers where required. The underlying failure mechanism is: NTP source authentication or access controls are not enforcing the trust requirement. Verify success by carrying out this direct test: check authenticated NTP association state and reject test replies from an untrusted peer.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Configuring NAT overload/PAT from approved inside sources to the outside interface address would not configure supported NTP authentication/key associations and restrict permitted peers where required.

B:

Configuring a reachable, approved NTP server and appropriate authentication where supported would not configure supported NTP authentication/key associations and restrict permitted peers where required.

D:

Using a supported PTP grandmaster/transparent or boundary-clock design for the required timing accuracy would not configure supported NTP authentication/key associations and restrict permitted peers where required.

Question 447

An NTP client accepts unauthenticated replies from unapproved sources even though the environment requires trust in one designated time server. The proposed remedy is: Configure supported NTP authentication/key associations and restrict permitted peers where required. Which observation would most directly confirm that remedy works as intended?

  1. Check unique source-port translations for concurrent inside connections and verify return traffic.
  2. Inspect PTP master selection, path delay and slave synchronization offset.
  3. Compare NTP association reachability, synchronization state and offset to the authoritative time source.
  4. Check authenticated NTP association state and reject test replies from an untrusted peer.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The decisive acceptance observation is: Check authenticated NTP association state and reject test replies from an untrusted peer. This tests the working mechanism, while the original incident was: the device synchronizes to an unauthorized source rather than the approved time reference.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This test measures a different behavior: Check unique source-port translations for concurrent inside connections and verify return traffic. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: check authenticated NTP association state and reject test replies from an untrusted peer.

B:

This test measures a different behavior: Inspect PTP master selection, path delay and slave synchronization offset. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: check authenticated NTP association state and reject test replies from an untrusted peer.

C:

This test measures a different behavior: Compare NTP association reachability, synchronization state and offset to the authoritative time source. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: check authenticated NTP association state and reject test replies from an untrusted peer.

Question 448

An NTP client accepts unauthenticated replies from unapproved sources even though the environment requires trust in one designated time server. During troubleshooting: The device synchronizes to an unauthorized source rather than the approved time reference. Which underlying cause best explains the recorded behavior?

  1. The configuration lacks overload port translation needed to multiplex many sessions onto one IP.
  2. The configured NTP source is unreachable or not accepted for synchronization.
  3. NTP lacks the required hardware timestamp and PTP synchronization behavior for this application.
  4. NTP source authentication or access controls are not enforcing the trust requirement.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The actual technical cause is: NTP source authentication or access controls are not enforcing the trust requirement. It specifically explains the observation: the device synchronizes to an unauthorized source rather than the approved time reference. The correcting configuration is: configure supported NTP authentication/key associations and restrict permitted peers where required.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: Only one internal user can establish a translation while the second collides with the same public mapping. Here the recorded observation is: the device synchronizes to an unauthorized source rather than the approved time reference. The applicable cause is: nTP source authentication or access controls are not enforcing the trust requirement.

B:

That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: Syslog timestamps drift because the switch is not synchronized to any valid NTP peer. Here the recorded observation is: the device synchronizes to an unauthorized source rather than the approved time reference. The applicable cause is: nTP source authentication or access controls are not enforcing the trust requirement.

C:

That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: The device never reaches the target precision despite a healthy standard NTP synchronization. Here the recorded observation is: the device synchronizes to an unauthorized source rather than the approved time reference. The applicable cause is: nTP source authentication or access controls are not enforcing the trust requirement.

Question 449

An NTP client accepts unauthenticated replies from unapproved sources even though the environment requires trust in one designated time server. The initial change is: Configure supported NTP authentication/key associations and restrict permitted peers where required. Which continuing control most directly prevents a recurrence of the documented problem: The device synchronizes to an unauthorized source rather than the approved time reference.

  1. Monitor sync state and authenticated time sources, not just a configured server line.
  2. Track PTP profile, clock-domain and hardware support before introducing new switches.
  3. Rotate NTP keys and audit peer reachability without silently falling back to untrusted clocks.
  4. Monitor translation table capacity and application protocols under peak concurrent use.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The continuing protective control is: Rotate NTP keys and audit peer reachability without silently falling back to untrusted clocks. This addresses the underlying failure mechanism: nTP source authentication or access controls are not enforcing the trust requirement. The corresponding operational check is: check authenticated NTP association state and reject test replies from an untrusted peer.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That control reduces a separate risk: The configured NTP source is unreachable or not accepted for synchronization. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: nTP source authentication or access controls are not enforcing the trust requirement. The specific required safeguard is: rotate NTP keys and audit peer reachability without silently falling back to untrusted clocks.

B:

That control reduces a separate risk: NTP lacks the required hardware timestamp and PTP synchronization behavior for this application. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: nTP source authentication or access controls are not enforcing the trust requirement. The specific required safeguard is: rotate NTP keys and audit peer reachability without silently falling back to untrusted clocks.

D:

That control reduces a separate risk: The configuration lacks overload port translation needed to multiplex many sessions onto one IP. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: nTP source authentication or access controls are not enforcing the trust requirement. The specific required safeguard is: rotate NTP keys and audit peer reachability without silently falling back to untrusted clocks.

Question 450

An internal 10.5.4.12 host must appear as one stable public address for a legacy partner allowlist. The incident evidence is: The partner denies the host because its outbound session uses a shared PAT address rather than the fixed mapped address. Which targeted configuration or design change best addresses the failure?

  1. Configure NAT overload/PAT from approved inside sources to the outside interface address.
  2. Configure static inside-source NAT mapping the exact internal host to the approved routable address.
  3. Mark the appropriate LAN and ISP interfaces with correct NAT inside/outside roles.
  4. Update the NAT source match to include the approved new subnet without widening to unintended sources.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The required correction is: Configure static inside-source NAT mapping the exact internal host to the approved routable address. The underlying failure mechanism is: Dynamic PAT was used where a stable one-to-one NAT identity was required. Verify success by carrying out this direct test: inspect NAT translations and verify the partner sees the required external source address.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Configuring NAT overload/PAT from approved inside sources to the outside interface address would not configure static inside-source NAT mapping the exact internal host to the approved routable address.

C:

Marking the appropriate LAN and ISP interfaces with correct NAT inside/outside roles would not configure static inside-source NAT mapping the exact internal host to the approved routable address.

D:

Updating the NAT source match to include the approved new subnet without widening to unintended sources would not configure static inside-source NAT mapping the exact internal host to the approved routable address.


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