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ARP is link-local; routers do not normally discover remote subnet host MACs across routed hops.

R1 builds a new link-layer frame for its own outgoing segment using its resolved neighboring device.

The router forwards ordinary unicast IP using unicast next-hop MAC resolution, not Ethernet broadcast per packet.

A typical AP serves wireless clients rather than replacing the provider-edge routed security boundary.

Layer 2 connectivity alone omits address translation, policy and WAN-to-LAN routing functions.

Per-client placement fails to supply the requested managed branch edge and consistent traffic controls.

Removing tags may add another mismatch; the channel’s operational mode still needs agreement.

Matching the negotiation protocol does not make Layer 2 tagging compatible with a Layer 3 routed port-channel; channel modes must agree.

Channel-group numbers are local identifiers and do not resolve a Layer 2 versus routed mode mismatch.

OSPF router IDs must be unique; making them identical can break adjacencies and does not fix MTU.

Suppressing a consistency check can mask the reported DBD problem and create later data-plane drops; matching link MTUs is the safer direct repair.

Timer differences can prevent initial adjacency, but the stated symptom and confirmed MTU inconsistency point at exchange negotiation.

That is characteristic of overload using ports, not an ordinary fixed-size one-to-one address pool.

Dynamic NAT is commonly used specifically to map private inside addresses to routable outside addresses.

Longer retention can actually delay address reuse when the public pool is exhausted; the missing sixth mapping needs capacity or PAT.

Applying directions changes where the list filters traffic; it does not insert a statement into sequence order.

The IP address has no relation to the ACE’s sequence number or placement in a named ACL.

ACLs use first-match ordering, so adding a later deny does not position it between 10 and 20 and may be shadowed.

Syntax validity and post-deployment verification cannot replace the required pre-change approval.

Unverified identifiers can be invented and do not prove authorized signoff for the actual firewall diff.

Model confidence is not authorization and may be high for a configuration that violates finance policy.

A /32 host prefix matches only one address, not the entire 10.66.0.0/16 LAN.

An exit-interface-only point-to-point route is suitable only when its named interface connects to the intended neighbor, not a different circuit.

That /8 mask is not the requested /16 prefix and diverts a broader destination range.

Examining an existing neighbor cache does not guarantee the tentative local address is unused; DAD checks for conflicting ownership on the link.

Router Solicitation discovers routers and prefixes; it does not substitute for the targeted DAD Neighbor Solicitation that detects duplicates.

A syntactically valid SLAAC address can still collide with an existing node; DAD must verify uniqueness before normal use.

SSID length identifies a network and does not control airtime scheduling for voice traffic.

Extra management addressing does not classify or prioritize application frames for radio airtime.

Authentication design is separate from how already-associated voice/data frames contend for channel access.

The scanner is a device, but the biometric being verified is the user’s inherent physical characteristic.

Ownership of a token is possession even when the token is assigned to one individual.

Neither fingerprint physiology nor token custody is a secret phrase held solely in memory.