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CISM Premium File: 1228 Questions & Answers

Last Update: Sep 15, 2026

CISM Training Course: 388 Video Lectures

CISM PDF Study Guide: 817 Pages

$79.99

CISM Bundle gives you unlimited access to "CISM" files. However, this does not replace the need for a .vce exam simulator. To download your .vce exam simulator click here

Isaca CISM Practice Test 17

Question 160

A facilitator averages ordinal risk labels as though they were exact monetary values. Which management response BEST addresses the stated risk or governance priority?

  1. Evaluate inherent risk and residual risk separately using current control effectiveness.
  2. Consider extreme impact, tail events and approved tolerance thresholds separately.
  3. Define documented likelihood and impact scales calibrated to enterprise consequences.
  4. Treat qualitative rankings as ordered categories and disclose their limitations.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Ordinal labels do not inherently provide meaningful arithmetic distances. This directly meets the requirement to avoid false precision in qualitative analysis.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Residual assessment reflects the protections already in operation. That action would distinguish inherent from residual risk; it does not address the case's priority to avoid false precision in qualitative analysis.

B:

Risk appetite may prohibit scenarios despite low estimated frequency. It is primarily relevant when the need is to account for low-frequency catastrophic exposure, rather than to avoid false precision in qualitative analysis.

C:

Common scales improve consistency and support decision-making. This would help standardize qualitative risk ratings; the scenario instead requires a decision to avoid false precision in qualitative analysis.

Question 161

An operational team sets recovery objectives without consulting the business process owner. Which management action BEST meets the stated requirement?

  1. Use business impact analysis and criticality discussions to inform recovery objectives.
  2. Evaluate availability and integrity consequences separately with process owners.
  3. Incorporate regulatory, customer, contractual and reputational consequences.
  4. Evaluate safety and operational harm alongside the residual cyber exposure.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The business defines tolerable disruption while technology enables response. This directly meets the requirement to ground recovery requirements in business impact.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Security impact differs by business objective and information property. It is primarily relevant when the need is to distinguish integrity from availability consequences, rather than to ground recovery requirements in business impact.

C:

Data confidentiality failures create impacts even when systems remain online. This would help assess multifaceted confidentiality impact; the scenario instead requires a decision to ground recovery requirements in business impact.

D:

Security treatment must not introduce disproportionate business or human consequences. That action would balance control harm against risk; it does not address the case's priority to ground recovery requirements in business impact.

Question 162

A business proposes deploying connected sensors on production machines without an update capability. Which decision is BEST supported by the business and security evidence?

  1. Reevaluate threat models and controls for both old and new trust assumptions.
  2. Assess device lifecycle, vendor support and safety consequences of compromise.
  3. Inventory cryptographic dependencies and evaluate time horizon and transition risk.
  4. Assess data processing, purpose, vendor assurances and legal obligations before use.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Long-lived connected devices need sustainment and safe failure consideration. This directly meets the requirement to evaluate operational IoT lifecycle risk.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Technology migration rarely removes every attack path by itself. That action would challenge unverified emerging-technology assurances; it does not address the case's priority to evaluate operational IoT lifecycle risk.

C:

Strategic cryptographic exposure depends on data sensitivity and expected confidentiality life. This would help assess long-duration cryptographic risk; the scenario instead requires a decision to evaluate operational IoT lifecycle risk.

D:

Novel AI processing can create confidentiality and secondary-use exposure. That action would identify AI service data governance risks; it does not address the case's priority to evaluate operational IoT lifecycle risk.

Question 163

A control owner uses only self-attestation to assert a high-risk mitigation works. What is the MOST appropriate next action for the information security manager?

  1. Map its protective mechanism to the identified scenario and residual risk.
  2. Verify coverage, enrollment and actual control outcomes across the asset population.
  3. Obtain independent evidence or representative performance tests for the control.
  4. Assess both control design and actual operating effectiveness using evidence.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Testing substantiates claims that would otherwise bias the risk estimate. This directly meets the requirement to independently test high-risk control performance.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A compensating measure is adequate only when it changes the applicable likelihood or impact. That action would evaluate compensating control relevance; it does not address the case's priority to independently test high-risk control performance.

B:

A control may operate as designed only on part of its intended scope. It is primarily relevant when the need is to identify hidden control coverage gaps, rather than to independently test high-risk control performance.

D:

Having a written control does not prove that it is performed on schedule. That action would distinguish control design from execution; it does not address the case's priority to independently test high-risk control performance.

Question 164

A factory can withstand a short reporting outage but not a production-control integrity failure. Which management response BEST addresses the stated risk or governance priority?

  1. Use business impact analysis and criticality discussions to inform recovery objectives.
  2. Incorporate regulatory, customer, contractual and reputational consequences.
  3. Evaluate safety and operational harm alongside the residual cyber exposure.
  4. Evaluate availability and integrity consequences separately with process owners.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Security impact differs by business objective and information property. This directly meets the requirement to distinguish integrity from availability consequences.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The business defines tolerable disruption while technology enables response. That action would ground recovery requirements in business impact; it does not address the case's priority to distinguish integrity from availability consequences.

B:

Data confidentiality failures create impacts even when systems remain online. It is primarily relevant when the need is to assess multifaceted confidentiality impact, rather than to distinguish integrity from availability consequences.

C:

Security treatment must not introduce disproportionate business or human consequences. This would help balance control harm against risk; the scenario instead requires a decision to distinguish integrity from availability consequences.

Question 165

A risk assessment template has no place to record threat scenarios or current controls. Which management action BEST meets the stated requirement?

  1. Revise the assessment record to include assets, scenarios, control evidence and residual risk.
  2. Periodically review methodology fitness and adapt it with documented governance approval.
  3. Calibrate the assessment method, scoring anchors and reviewer training.
  4. Retain assessment evidence, approvals, assumptions and version history under governance rules.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Traceable inputs connect the identified threat to the risk conclusion. This directly meets the requirement to make risk assessments evidence-traceable.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Risk processes must remain relevant as the environment and decisions change. It is primarily relevant when the need is to maintain a fit-for-purpose assessment method, rather than to make risk assessments evidence-traceable.

C:

Consistent methodology improves comparability and repeatability. This would help reduce assessor scoring inconsistency; the scenario instead requires a decision to make risk assessments evidence-traceable.

D:

Reproducible records support challenge, monitoring and later reassessment. That action would preserve risk assessment auditability; it does not address the case's priority to make risk assessments evidence-traceable.

Question 166

An acquired company stores unknown copies of customer records across unmanaged services. Which decision is BEST supported by the business and security evidence?

  1. Use documented impact-based classification criteria and validate with process owners.
  2. Perform discovery, data-flow mapping and classification before choosing protection priorities.
  3. Classify information by business consequence rather than replacement hardware cost.
  4. Identify an accountable information owner and record classification responsibilities.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Unknown assets cannot be reliably assessed or protected until identified. This directly meets the requirement to discover unaccounted sensitive information.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Calibrated criteria distinguish genuinely material assets from routine information. That action would calibrate information classification; it does not address the case's priority to discover unaccounted sensitive information.

C:

Data criticality reflects confidentiality, integrity and availability impacts. This would help estimate information asset business value; the scenario instead requires a decision to discover unaccounted sensitive information.

D:

Risk treatment requires an owner who understands information use and consequences. That action would establish ownership of classified information; it does not address the case's priority to discover unaccounted sensitive information.

Question 167

A proposed control disrupts a life-critical workflow more than the threat it addresses. What is the MOST appropriate next action for the information security manager?

  1. Incorporate regulatory, customer, contractual and reputational consequences.
  2. Use business impact analysis and criticality discussions to inform recovery objectives.
  3. Evaluate safety and operational harm alongside the residual cyber exposure.
  4. Evaluate availability and integrity consequences separately with process owners.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Security treatment must not introduce disproportionate business or human consequences. This directly meets the requirement to balance control harm against risk.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Data confidentiality failures create impacts even when systems remain online. That action would assess multifaceted confidentiality impact; it does not address the case's priority to balance control harm against risk.

B:

The business defines tolerable disruption while technology enables response. It is primarily relevant when the need is to ground recovery requirements in business impact, rather than to balance control harm against risk.

D:

Security impact differs by business objective and information property. That action would distinguish integrity from availability consequences; it does not address the case's priority to balance control harm against risk.

Question 168

A compensating control is cited without showing how it addresses the relevant threat path. Which management response BEST addresses the stated risk or governance priority?

  1. Assess both control design and actual operating effectiveness using evidence.
  2. Verify coverage, enrollment and actual control outcomes across the asset population.
  3. Obtain independent evidence or representative performance tests for the control.
  4. Map its protective mechanism to the identified scenario and residual risk.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A compensating measure is adequate only when it changes the applicable likelihood or impact. This directly meets the requirement to evaluate compensating control relevance.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Having a written control does not prove that it is performed on schedule. That action would distinguish control design from execution; it does not address the case's priority to evaluate compensating control relevance.

B:

A control may operate as designed only on part of its intended scope. It is primarily relevant when the need is to identify hidden control coverage gaps, rather than to evaluate compensating control relevance.

C:

Testing substantiates claims that would otherwise bias the risk estimate. This would help independently test high-risk control performance; the scenario instead requires a decision to evaluate compensating control relevance.

Question 169

A program manager prioritizes easy findings to improve closure metrics while material risk stays open. Which management action BEST meets the stated requirement?

  1. Set priority based on business exposure and treatment effectiveness, not ticket count.
  2. Apply change and continuity risk assessment before deployment approval.
  3. Commission proportionate post-implementation assurance against documented risk outcomes.
  4. Align the response with funded program planning and accountable sponsorship.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Closure statistics can distort effort when not tied to residual risk. This directly meets the requirement to focus treatment on material exposure.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Treatments themselves can introduce risk that should be managed proportionately. It is primarily relevant when the need is to account for treatment-induced operational risk, rather than to focus treatment on material exposure.

C:

Independent evidence tests whether investments actually reduced their target exposure. This would help validate strategic mitigation results; the scenario instead requires a decision to focus treatment on material exposure.

D:

Authorized mitigation must have resources to move from decision into execution. That action would fund approved risk treatment; it does not address the case's priority to focus treatment on material exposure.

Question 170

A treated risk is archived permanently and never checked after its control degrades. Which decision is BEST supported by the business and security evidence?

  1. Record versioned reassessments and date-effective ratings with approval traceability.
  2. Keep material residual risks under monitoring with periodic effectiveness reassessment.
  3. Add scenario, asset, likelihood evidence, impact, controls and accountable owner.
  4. Consolidate linked scenarios while retaining impacted owners and service consequences.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Risks can return as controls and threats change, even after project closure. This directly meets the requirement to sustain monitoring after risk treatment.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Risk governance needs an auditable view of how evidence changed a decision. That action would preserve risk rating change history; it does not address the case's priority to sustain monitoring after risk treatment.

C:

A complete risk record explains why an event matters to the business. This would help maintain decision-useful risk register detail; the scenario instead requires a decision to sustain monitoring after risk treatment.

D:

Structured aggregation prevents duplicate work without hiding shared dependencies. That action would manage redundant risk records; it does not address the case's priority to sustain monitoring after risk treatment.


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