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CompTIA CS0-003 Practice Test 9

Question 80

A function environment variable containing a token appears in routine debug output. What is the MOST appropriate analyst action based on the evidence?

  1. Correlate denied object paths and identity permissions for enumeration attempts.
  2. Check expiration, audience restrictions and access patterns for link leakage.
  3. Compare IAM policy changes and denied API operations with expected application permissions.
  4. Mask sensitive configuration values in logs and rotate the leaked token.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Logging secrets can expose credentials to broad observer groups. Remediate cloud function secret in logs.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Systematic 403 access patterns can signal attempts to locate accessible sensitive objects. It could help triage cloud object enumeration with denials, but it would not remediate cloud function secret in logs.

B:

Bearer URLs can be reused if not appropriately scoped or short-lived. That is relevant to cloud data exposure and application logs, not to remediate cloud function secret in logs.

C:

Unexpected access denial may reflect legitimate least privilege or a broken deployment. It would diagnose cloud permission regression, but it would not remediate cloud function secret in logs.

Question 81

A maintenance account is used by automation during approved hours but also from a remote personal laptop. Which next step is MOST defensible for the security team?

  1. Compare session/device attribution and restrict the account to intended automation endpoints.
  2. Review task creator, command path and remote destination for persistence or beaconing.
  3. Investigate interactive logon type and account scope against the backup-job baseline.
  4. Trace creator identity, authorization path and post-creation use; disable if unauthorized.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Source deviation is material even when the account's scheduled jobs are legitimate. Identify reused maintenance credential.

Incorrect Answers

B:

New recurring tasks can be an execution foothold when tied to unknown network calls. It would investigate scheduled outbound persistence, but it would not identify reused maintenance credential.

C:

Service identities should not generally acquire unsolicited interactive sessions. It could help triage interactive service-account misuse, but it would not identify reused maintenance credential.

D:

Unapproved administrative principals can establish persistent privileged access. That is relevant to suspicious service accounts and scheduled jobs, not to identify reused maintenance credential.

Question 82

A Linux command chain pipes an unverified curl download directly to a privileged shell. Which action BEST aligns with sound security operations?

  1. Correlate certutil command parameters with downloaded file hashes and execution events.
  2. Identify the downloaded script and execution history; block unapproved privileged execution.
  3. Decode safely and correlate the child command with destination reputation and signer.
  4. Confirm process ownership and documented testing scope before treating enumeration as hostile.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Executing remote content without validation risks immediate host compromise. Investigate curl-to-shell execution.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Certificate utilities can be abused to stage payloads outside normal installers. It would triage certutil download abuse, but it would not investigate curl-to-shell execution.

C:

Obfuscation plus unapproved network retrieval increases maliciousness suspicion. That is relevant to unusual command-line activity, not to investigate curl-to-shell execution.

D:

Reconnaissance commands are dual-use and require execution context. It would evaluate legitimate admin command enumeration, but it would not investigate curl-to-shell execution.

Question 83

Network access control logs show a new device spoofing a printer's MAC address. Which response BEST addresses the security problem described?

  1. Validate the transmitter location and certificate/authentication behavior for evil-twin activity.
  2. Validate endpoint policy telemetry and disable prohibited alternate network paths.
  3. Correlate switch port, DHCP fingerprint and known printer management data.
  4. Capture wireless management traffic and compare with approved controller activity.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

MAC addresses can be forged and require corroborating device identity. Detect suspected MAC spoofing.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Matching SSID alone cannot establish access-point legitimacy. It could help identify potential evil-twin wireless access, but it would not detect suspected MAC spoofing.

B:

Uncontrolled hotspot access can bypass enterprise segmentation and monitoring. That is relevant to wireless and rogue device indicators, not to detect suspected MAC spoofing.

D:

Excessive unauthenticated deauth frames may disrupt service or support interception attacks. It could help investigate wireless deauthentication flood, but it would not detect suspected MAC spoofing.

Question 84

A new browser extension accesses all pages and was installed outside approved enterprise policy. Which investigative or response action BEST fits the evidence?

  1. Verify actual process creation and child actions rather than assuming execution.
  2. Compare golden image hash and deployment change record before declaring distributed malware.
  3. Preserve the hosts-file modification and restore known trusted name resolution.
  4. Inspect extension publisher, permissions and deployment source before disabling suspected abuse.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Browser extensions can read sensitive web data when granted sweeping permissions. Investigate unapproved broad-permission browser extension.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Prevention events do not necessarily indicate successful payload launch. That is relevant to suspicious persistence across endpoints, not to investigate unapproved broad-permission browser extension.

B:

Shared deployment error can explain coordinated startup changes across devices. It would distinguish image rollout change from distributed compromise, but it would not investigate unapproved broad-permission browser extension.

C:

Host-file tampering can redirect sensitive requests outside DNS controls. It could help identify endpoint hosts-file redirection, but it would not investigate unapproved broad-permission browser extension.

Question 85

A newly created privileged account has no ticket but appears in directory change logs. What is the MOST appropriate analyst action based on the evidence?

  1. Trace creator identity, authorization path and post-creation use; disable if unauthorized.
  2. Compare session/device attribution and restrict the account to intended automation endpoints.
  3. Investigate interactive logon type and account scope against the backup-job baseline.
  4. Review task creator, command path and remote destination for persistence or beaconing.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Unapproved administrative principals can establish persistent privileged access. Investigate rogue directory administrator creation.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Source deviation is material even when the account's scheduled jobs are legitimate. It could help identify reused maintenance credential, but it would not investigate rogue directory administrator creation.

C:

Service identities should not generally acquire unsolicited interactive sessions. That is relevant to suspicious service accounts and scheduled jobs, not to investigate rogue directory administrator creation.

D:

New recurring tasks can be an execution foothold when tied to unknown network calls. It would investigate scheduled outbound persistence, but it would not investigate rogue directory administrator creation.

Question 86

Kerberos logs show unusual service-ticket requests for many SPNs from a normal user session. Which next step is MOST defensible for the security team?

  1. Review account purpose, tickets and remote session activity for credential abuse.
  2. Examine ticket encryption types, request rates and follow-on activity for Kerberoasting.
  3. Trace remote execution accounts, originating host and process lineage.
  4. Investigate source process, authentication attempts and expected inventory scanning schedules.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Abnormal bulk service-ticket requests may indicate offline password-cracking preparation. Evaluate Kerberos service-ticket harvesting.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Unusual privilege reach and time can indicate compromised service credentials. It could help triage abnormal service account lateral reach, but it would not evaluate Kerberos service-ticket harvesting.

C:

Coordinated WMI process creation across hosts suggests remote execution spread. It would identify WMI-based lateral execution, but it would not evaluate Kerberos service-ticket harvesting.

D:

Broad horizontal probing over SMB may precede lateral movement. It could help distinguish SMB sweep from approved discovery, but it would not evaluate Kerberos service-ticket harvesting.

Question 87

Security scanner binaries match vendor signatures but executable ACLs are world-writable. Which action BEST aligns with sound security operations?

  1. Preserve directory policy-change events and inspect deployed scripts for unauthorized execution.
  2. Inspect registry associations and recent installers for command hijacking persistence.
  3. Correct filesystem permissions and verify integrity of the deployed scanner.
  4. Correlate event clear records and privileged logon sources; preserve off-host copies.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Writable trusted tool paths can allow future binary replacement. Fix writable trusted executable path.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Domain logon scripts can distribute malicious commands widely. That is relevant to registry and file tamper chain, not to fix writable trusted executable path.

B:

Modified file-association handlers can execute attacker code during ordinary actions. It would detect file association hijack, but it would not fix writable trusted executable path.

D:

Audit-log clearing is a defense-evasion signal and local evidence may be incomplete. That is relevant to registry and file tamper chain, not to fix writable trusted executable path.

Question 88

An endpoint sends outbound traffic over TCP 443 but the payload is raw SSH protocol. Which response BEST addresses the security problem described?

  1. Decode a representative sample and inspect content plus destination and process context.
  2. Correlate user session, destination and process launch before blocking the outbound session.
  3. Check whether scripting tools or web crawlers are approved, then inspect request targets.
  4. Inspect protocol fingerprints and identify the initiating process for tunneling.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Port number alone does not establish that the protocol is HTTPS. Detect protocol mismatch on common port.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Encoding is a transport convention and not proof of malware by itself. It would distinguish base64 application data from obfuscation, but it would not detect protocol mismatch on common port.

B:

Unexpected interactive remote control can signal unauthorized support or intrusion. It could help investigate external RDP session, but it would not detect protocol mismatch on common port.

C:

Automated scanning behavior may indicate reconnaissance or legitimate testing. That is relevant to malicious network payload clues, not to detect protocol mismatch on common port.

Question 89

A confidential folder suddenly gains broad access permissions before an external upload. Which investigative or response action BEST fits the evidence?

  1. Reconstruct ACL changes and correlate file reads with transfer records.
  2. Revoke the unauthorized key and identify who modified the account file.
  3. Isolate the host promptly and preserve process and file-rename evidence.
  4. Correlate exclusion modification, token privileges and subsequent file activity.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Unauthorized permissions plus exfiltration activity suggests deliberate staging. Investigate file-share permission abuse.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Added trust keys can provide ongoing access without password events. That is relevant to file-system and registry anomalies, not to investigate file-share permission abuse.

C:

Rapid mass renaming plus extortion artifacts signals probable ransomware. It would respond to ransomware file-change signature, but it would not investigate file-share permission abuse.

D:

Attackers may weaken protection to stage malicious executables. It could help detect endpoint protection exclusion tampering, but it would not investigate file-share permission abuse.

Question 90

Repeated requests contain `../` segments in path fields and yield sensitive file names. What is the MOST appropriate analyst action based on the evidence?

  1. Inspect reflected parameters and output encoding for cross-site scripting.
  2. Inspect web server request logs and test whether path canonicalization permits traversal.
  3. Review per-object authorization and token activity for broken object-level access control.
  4. Correlate request payloads with database errors and investigate possible injection.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Encoded traversal attempts target files outside the intended web root. Recognize directory traversal attack indicator.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Unescaped user input rendered into pages can enable script execution. That is relevant to web application abnormal activity, not to recognize directory traversal attack indicator.

C:

Authentication alone does not ensure authorization for each requested object. It could help detect API object authorization abuse, but it would not recognize directory traversal attack indicator.

D:

Error-based SQL injection may expose query construction weaknesses. That is relevant to web application abnormal activity, not to recognize directory traversal attack indicator.


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