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Cisco 350-501 Practice Test 50

Question 490

After Bluebird Infrastructure deploys MPLS label forwarding fault isolation to localize loss along a labeled transport LSP rather than at a customer application, the primary acceptance check passes (OAM results show which labeled hop first fails or misforwards traffic). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?

  1. Remote LDP signaling still needs end-to-end IP reachability.
  2. Some platforms and security policies constrain MPLS OAM replies.
  3. The behavior is meaningful only on the node owning that local SID.
  4. Service interworking needs consistent labels routes and VRF identity mappings.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The relevant boundary of MPLS label forwarding fault isolation is that some platforms and security policies constrain MPLS OAM replies. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This concern applies to targeted LDP session in a different scenario where operators need to maintain a directed label-distribution peer not connected by a single Ethernet hop. For the deployed MPLS label forwarding fault isolation approach, the relevant caution is instead that some platforms and security policies constrain MPLS OAM replies.

C:

This concern applies to SRv6 End behavior in a different scenario where operators need to process an SRv6 local End SID for transit forwarding to the next segment. For the deployed MPLS label forwarding fault isolation approach, the relevant caution is instead that some platforms and security policies constrain MPLS OAM replies.

D:

This concern applies to SRv6 interworking gateway in a different scenario where operators need to carry traffic between SRv6 and another provider service encapsulation domain. For the deployed MPLS label forwarding fault isolation approach, the relevant caution is instead that some platforms and security policies constrain MPLS OAM replies.

Question 491

Horizon Exchange must avoid unnecessary label lookup at the final transport destination. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?

  1. targeted LDP session
  2. SRv6 locator algorithm 128
  3. PHP penultimate hop behavior
  4. SRv6 End behavior

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

PHP penultimate hop behavior matches this requirement: the team should use the intended implicit-null or penultimate-hop-pop transport behavior. A relevant outcome would be that the penultimate LSR removes the appropriate label before final egress processing.

Incorrect Answers

A:

targeted LDP session instead addresses a different condition: maintain a directed label-distribution peer not connected by a single Ethernet hop. It would instead require you to configure the appropriate targeted LDP discovery and session authentication, not the stated goal to avoid unnecessary label lookup at the final transport destination.

B:

SRv6 locator algorithm 128 instead addresses a different condition: separate a low-delay service routing intent from the normal algorithm-zero locator. It would instead require you to assign an SRv6 locator to Flexible Algorithm 128 with compatible IGP configuration, not the stated goal to avoid unnecessary label lookup at the final transport destination.

D:

SRv6 End behavior instead addresses a different condition: process an SRv6 local End SID for transit forwarding to the next segment. It would instead require you to install the required local End function and forwarding information, not the stated goal to avoid unnecessary label lookup at the final transport destination.

Question 492

At Cedar Wireless, the engineering change is approved for PHP penultimate hop behavior. The specific goal is to avoid unnecessary label lookup at the final transport destination. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?

  1. Configure the appropriate targeted LDP discovery and session authentication.
  2. Assign an SRv6 locator to Flexible Algorithm 128 with compatible IGP configuration.
  3. Install the required local End function and forwarding information.
  4. Use the intended implicit-null or penultimate-hop-pop transport behavior.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Implementing PHP penultimate hop behavior requires the operator to use the intended implicit-null or penultimate-hop-pop transport behavior. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that the penultimate LSR removes the appropriate label before final egress processing.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The proposed step is for targeted LDP session, whose purpose is to maintain a directed label-distribution peer not connected by a single Ethernet hop. It would not perform the necessary PHP penultimate hop behavior operation: use the intended implicit-null or penultimate-hop-pop transport behavior.

B:

The proposed step is for SRv6 locator algorithm 128, whose purpose is to separate a low-delay service routing intent from the normal algorithm-zero locator. It would not perform the necessary PHP penultimate hop behavior operation: use the intended implicit-null or penultimate-hop-pop transport behavior.

C:

The proposed step is for SRv6 End behavior, whose purpose is to process an SRv6 local End SID for transit forwarding to the next segment. It would not perform the necessary PHP penultimate hop behavior operation: use the intended implicit-null or penultimate-hop-pop transport behavior.

Question 493

Willow Regional has deployed PHP penultimate hop behavior to avoid unnecessary label lookup at the final transport destination. The implementation step was to use the intended implicit-null or penultimate-hop-pop transport behavior. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?

  1. The penultimate LSR removes the appropriate label before final egress processing.
  2. The targeted LDP neighbor establishes across the routed transport path.
  3. Locator state shows the intended algorithm and algorithm-specific path reachability.
  4. The destination SID updates routing to the next segment without changing the customer payload.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

For PHP penultimate hop behavior, successful verification means that the penultimate LSR removes the appropriate label before final egress processing. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can avoid unnecessary label lookup at the final transport destination after deployment.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The observation would verify targeted LDP session under the separate requirement to maintain a directed label-distribution peer not connected by a single Ethernet hop. It does not demonstrate the needed PHP penultimate hop behavior result: the penultimate LSR removes the appropriate label before final egress processing.

C:

The observation would verify SRv6 locator algorithm 128 under the separate requirement to separate a low-delay service routing intent from the normal algorithm-zero locator. It does not demonstrate the needed PHP penultimate hop behavior result: the penultimate LSR removes the appropriate label before final egress processing.

D:

The observation would verify SRv6 End behavior under the separate requirement to process an SRv6 local End SID for transit forwarding to the next segment. It does not demonstrate the needed PHP penultimate hop behavior result: the penultimate LSR removes the appropriate label before final egress processing.

Question 494

While troubleshooting PHP penultimate hop behavior at Atlas Backbone, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: the penultimate LSR removes the appropriate label before final egress processing. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?

  1. Link-only discovery is expected to discover a nonadjacent peer automatically.
  2. The egress is assumed to always receive the same full transport-label stack.
  3. A locator is left on algorithm 0 and assumed to select delay-aware paths.
  4. An End.DT behavior is configured when only transit endpoint forwarding was requested.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The suspected defect directly frustrates PHP penultimate hop behavior: the egress is assumed to always receive the same full transport-label stack. Correcting it should allow verification that the penultimate LSR removes the appropriate label before final egress processing.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This defect belongs to targeted LDP session, where the affected outcome is to maintain a directed label-distribution peer not connected by a single Ethernet hop. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the PHP penultimate hop behavior design in this case: the egress is assumed to always receive the same full transport-label stack.

C:

This defect belongs to SRv6 locator algorithm 128, where the affected outcome is to separate a low-delay service routing intent from the normal algorithm-zero locator. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the PHP penultimate hop behavior design in this case: the egress is assumed to always receive the same full transport-label stack.

D:

This defect belongs to SRv6 End behavior, where the affected outcome is to process an SRv6 local End SID for transit forwarding to the next segment. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the PHP penultimate hop behavior design in this case: the egress is assumed to always receive the same full transport-label stack.

Question 495

After Starlight IP Services deploys PHP penultimate hop behavior to avoid unnecessary label lookup at the final transport destination, the primary acceptance check passes (the penultimate LSR removes the appropriate label before final egress processing). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?

  1. Remote LDP signaling still needs end-to-end IP reachability.
  2. The chosen algorithm must be consistently defined by participating routers.
  3. PHP behavior varies by advertised label and service encapsulation.
  4. The behavior is meaningful only on the node owning that local SID.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The relevant boundary of PHP penultimate hop behavior is that PHP behavior varies by advertised label and service encapsulation. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This concern applies to targeted LDP session in a different scenario where operators need to maintain a directed label-distribution peer not connected by a single Ethernet hop. For the deployed PHP penultimate hop behavior approach, the relevant caution is instead that PHP behavior varies by advertised label and service encapsulation.

B:

This concern applies to SRv6 locator algorithm 128 in a different scenario where operators need to separate a low-delay service routing intent from the normal algorithm-zero locator. For the deployed PHP penultimate hop behavior approach, the relevant caution is instead that PHP behavior varies by advertised label and service encapsulation.

D:

This concern applies to SRv6 End behavior in a different scenario where operators need to process an SRv6 local End SID for transit forwarding to the next segment. For the deployed PHP penultimate hop behavior approach, the relevant caution is instead that PHP behavior varies by advertised label and service encapsulation.

Question 496

Northstar Carrier must carry the intended labeled IPv4 transport prefixes consistently across a provider core. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?

  1. IGP LDP synchronization
  2. TI-LFA node protection
  3. SRv6 VPN decapsulation
  4. LDP address family transport

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

LDP address family transport matches this requirement: the team should enable the supported address-family LDP capability on participating routers. A relevant outcome would be that LDP neighbors and FEC bindings appear for the selected address family.

Incorrect Answers

A:

IGP LDP synchronization instead addresses a different condition: avoid forwarding traffic onto a link before necessary MPLS labels are usable. It would instead require you to apply LDP IGP synchronization so route preference waits for LDP readiness, not the stated goal to carry the intended labeled IPv4 transport prefixes consistently across a provider core.

B:

TI-LFA node protection instead addresses a different condition: protect a traffic flow against failure of the adjacent intermediate node. It would instead require you to select a node-protecting TI-LFA backup rather than merely a link bypass, not the stated goal to carry the intended labeled IPv4 transport prefixes consistently across a provider core.

C:

SRv6 VPN decapsulation instead addresses a different condition: deliver SRv6-encapsulated VPN traffic into the correct customer routing table. It would instead require you to use a suitable End.DT4 or End.DT6 service SID on the egress PE, not the stated goal to carry the intended labeled IPv4 transport prefixes consistently across a provider core.

Question 497

At Orion Transit, the engineering change is approved for LDP address family transport. The specific goal is to carry the intended labeled IPv4 transport prefixes consistently across a provider core. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?

  1. Enable the supported address-family LDP capability on participating routers.
  2. Apply LDP IGP synchronization so route preference waits for LDP readiness.
  3. Select a node-protecting TI-LFA backup rather than merely a link bypass.
  4. Use a suitable End.DT4 or End.DT6 service SID on the egress PE.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Implementing LDP address family transport requires the operator to enable the supported address-family LDP capability on participating routers. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that LDP neighbors and FEC bindings appear for the selected address family.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The proposed step is for IGP LDP synchronization, whose purpose is to avoid forwarding traffic onto a link before necessary MPLS labels are usable. It would not perform the necessary LDP address family transport operation: enable the supported address-family LDP capability on participating routers.

C:

The proposed step is for TI-LFA node protection, whose purpose is to protect a traffic flow against failure of the adjacent intermediate node. It would not perform the necessary LDP address family transport operation: enable the supported address-family LDP capability on participating routers.

D:

The proposed step is for SRv6 VPN decapsulation, whose purpose is to deliver SRv6-encapsulated VPN traffic into the correct customer routing table. It would not perform the necessary LDP address family transport operation: enable the supported address-family LDP capability on participating routers.

Question 498

Meridian Networks has deployed LDP address family transport to carry the intended labeled IPv4 transport prefixes consistently across a provider core. The implementation step was to enable the supported address-family LDP capability on participating routers. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?

  1. The IGP suppresses preferential forwarding until the LDP adjacency is ready.
  2. LDP neighbors and FEC bindings appear for the selected address family.
  3. The repaired path avoids the failed neighbor node entirely.
  4. Decapsulated traffic is looked up in the correct customer VRF.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

For LDP address family transport, successful verification means that LDP neighbors and FEC bindings appear for the selected address family. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can carry the intended labeled IPv4 transport prefixes consistently across a provider core after deployment.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The observation would verify IGP LDP synchronization under the separate requirement to avoid forwarding traffic onto a link before necessary MPLS labels are usable. It does not demonstrate the needed LDP address family transport result: LDP neighbors and FEC bindings appear for the selected address family.

C:

The observation would verify TI-LFA node protection under the separate requirement to protect a traffic flow against failure of the adjacent intermediate node. It does not demonstrate the needed LDP address family transport result: LDP neighbors and FEC bindings appear for the selected address family.

D:

The observation would verify SRv6 VPN decapsulation under the separate requirement to deliver SRv6-encapsulated VPN traffic into the correct customer routing table. It does not demonstrate the needed LDP address family transport result: LDP neighbors and FEC bindings appear for the selected address family.

Question 499

While troubleshooting LDP address family transport at Kestrel Broadband, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: LDP neighbors and FEC bindings appear for the selected address family. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?

  1. SPF uses a link with no usable labels and drops transit VPN packets.
  2. A link-only bypass still traverses the failed node through another adjacency.
  3. An IPv6-only label session is expected to install IPv4 FEC bindings without support.
  4. A transit End SID is used expecting to select a customer VRF automatically.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The suspected defect directly frustrates LDP address family transport: an IPv6-only label session is expected to install IPv4 FEC bindings without support. Correcting it should allow verification that LDP neighbors and FEC bindings appear for the selected address family.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This defect belongs to IGP LDP synchronization, where the affected outcome is to avoid forwarding traffic onto a link before necessary MPLS labels are usable. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the LDP address family transport design in this case: an IPv6-only label session is expected to install IPv4 FEC bindings without support.

B:

This defect belongs to TI-LFA node protection, where the affected outcome is to protect a traffic flow against failure of the adjacent intermediate node. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the LDP address family transport design in this case: an IPv6-only label session is expected to install IPv4 FEC bindings without support.

D:

This defect belongs to SRv6 VPN decapsulation, where the affected outcome is to deliver SRv6-encapsulated VPN traffic into the correct customer routing table. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the LDP address family transport design in this case: an IPv6-only label session is expected to install IPv4 FEC bindings without support.

Question 500

After Harbor Metro deploys LDP address family transport to carry the intended labeled IPv4 transport prefixes consistently across a provider core, the primary acceptance check passes (LDP neighbors and FEC bindings appear for the selected address family). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?

  1. Synchronization failure handling should not permanently isolate healthy IP service.
  2. Node protection is constrained by available node-disjoint topology.
  3. VRF security isolation depends on correctly assigned service SIDs.
  4. Dual-stack label operation depends on platform feature compatibility.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The relevant boundary of LDP address family transport is that dual-stack label operation depends on platform feature compatibility. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This concern applies to IGP LDP synchronization in a different scenario where operators need to avoid forwarding traffic onto a link before necessary MPLS labels are usable. For the deployed LDP address family transport approach, the relevant caution is instead that dual-stack label operation depends on platform feature compatibility.

B:

This concern applies to TI-LFA node protection in a different scenario where operators need to protect a traffic flow against failure of the adjacent intermediate node. For the deployed LDP address family transport approach, the relevant caution is instead that dual-stack label operation depends on platform feature compatibility.

C:

This concern applies to SRv6 VPN decapsulation in a different scenario where operators need to deliver SRv6-encapsulated VPN traffic into the correct customer routing table. For the deployed LDP address family transport approach, the relevant caution is instead that dual-stack label operation depends on platform feature compatibility.


Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) (350-501) Practice Tests

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