Question 90
After Starlight IP Services deploys control-plane punt protection to limit exception traffic that can consume service-provider routing CPU, the primary acceptance check passes (normal protocol adjacencies remain stable while excess punts are counted or dropped). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- Deployment depends on compatible peers and public-key infrastructure.
- Too aggressive policing can suppress legitimate routing control packets.
- Certificate rollover must be coordinated to prevent management outages.
- Provider handoff QoS and fault domains remain subject to the service contract.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The relevant boundary of control-plane punt protection is that too aggressive policing can suppress legitimate routing control packets. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to BGPsec AS path integrity in a different scenario where operators need to detect unauthorized alteration of the AS-path sequence for supported interdomain routes. For the deployed control-plane punt protection approach, the relevant caution is instead that too aggressive policing can suppress legitimate routing control packets.
C:This concern applies to management API certificate trust in a different scenario where operators need to protect provider management APIs from accepting an untrusted endpoint. For the deployed control-plane punt protection approach, the relevant caution is instead that too aggressive policing can suppress legitimate routing control packets.
D:This concern applies to metro Ethernet E-Line isolation in a different scenario where operators need to link exactly two customer sites with a point-to-point Ethernet service. For the deployed control-plane punt protection approach, the relevant caution is instead that too aggressive policing can suppress legitimate routing control packets.
Question 91
Northstar Carrier must reduce acceptance of spoofed multihop BGP control packets on an adjacent peering. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?
- BGP FlowSpec filtering
- IPv6 flow label distinction
- BGP TTL security
- customer edge ACL anti-spoof
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:BGP TTL security matches this requirement: the team should configure the generalized TTL security mechanism with the peer's expected hop distance. A relevant outcome would be that BGP establishes only when the arriving packet TTL meets the chosen hop bound.
Incorrect Answers
A:BGP FlowSpec filtering instead addresses a different condition: distribute narrowly scoped traffic-filtering rules to mitigate a specific attack flow. It would instead require you to publish and validate BGP FlowSpec NLRI through a trusted mitigation policy, not the stated goal to reduce acceptance of spoofed multihop BGP control packets on an adjacent peering.
B:IPv6 flow label distinction instead addresses a different condition: retain IPv6 per-flow classification clues without mistaking the flow label for a QoS reservation. It would instead require you to treat the 20-bit IPv6 flow label as flow identification input rather than guaranteed bandwidth, not the stated goal to reduce acceptance of spoofed multihop BGP control packets on an adjacent peering.
D:customer edge ACL anti-spoof instead addresses a different condition: permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary. It would instead require you to apply an ingress ACL matching the customer's assigned source address space, not the stated goal to reduce acceptance of spoofed multihop BGP control packets on an adjacent peering.
Question 92
At Orion Transit, the engineering change is approved for BGP TTL security. The specific goal is to reduce acceptance of spoofed multihop BGP control packets on an adjacent peering. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?
- Publish and validate BGP FlowSpec NLRI through a trusted mitigation policy.
- Treat the 20-bit IPv6 flow label as flow identification input rather than guaranteed bandwidth.
- Apply an ingress ACL matching the customer's assigned source address space.
- Configure the generalized TTL security mechanism with the peer's expected hop distance.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Implementing BGP TTL security requires the operator to configure the generalized TTL security mechanism with the peer's expected hop distance. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that BGP establishes only when the arriving packet TTL meets the chosen hop bound.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed step is for BGP FlowSpec filtering, whose purpose is to distribute narrowly scoped traffic-filtering rules to mitigate a specific attack flow. It would not perform the necessary BGP TTL security operation: configure the generalized TTL security mechanism with the peer's expected hop distance.
B:The proposed step is for IPv6 flow label distinction, whose purpose is to retain IPv6 per-flow classification clues without mistaking the flow label for a QoS reservation. It would not perform the necessary BGP TTL security operation: configure the generalized TTL security mechanism with the peer's expected hop distance.
C:The proposed step is for customer edge ACL anti-spoof, whose purpose is to permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary. It would not perform the necessary BGP TTL security operation: configure the generalized TTL security mechanism with the peer's expected hop distance.
Question 93
Meridian Networks has deployed BGP TTL security to reduce acceptance of spoofed multihop BGP control packets on an adjacent peering. The implementation step was to configure the generalized TTL security mechanism with the peer's expected hop distance. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?
- BGP establishes only when the arriving packet TTL meets the chosen hop bound.
- Only the specified malicious flow characteristics match and receive the mitigating action.
- Flow hashing can use the stable label while policy controls QoS separately.
- Permitted customer sources pass and nonassigned sources are denied and counted.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:For BGP TTL security, successful verification means that BGP establishes only when the arriving packet TTL meets the chosen hop bound. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can reduce acceptance of spoofed multihop BGP control packets on an adjacent peering after deployment.
Incorrect Answers
B:The observation would verify BGP FlowSpec filtering under the separate requirement to distribute narrowly scoped traffic-filtering rules to mitigate a specific attack flow. It does not demonstrate the needed BGP TTL security result: BGP establishes only when the arriving packet TTL meets the chosen hop bound.
C:The observation would verify IPv6 flow label distinction under the separate requirement to retain IPv6 per-flow classification clues without mistaking the flow label for a QoS reservation. It does not demonstrate the needed BGP TTL security result: BGP establishes only when the arriving packet TTL meets the chosen hop bound.
D:The observation would verify customer edge ACL anti-spoof under the separate requirement to permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary. It does not demonstrate the needed BGP TTL security result: BGP establishes only when the arriving packet TTL meets the chosen hop bound.
Question 94
While troubleshooting BGP TTL security at Kestrel Broadband, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: BGP establishes only when the arriving packet TTL meets the chosen hop bound. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?
- An overly broad FlowSpec rule discards legitimate customer flows.
- The peer sends TTL values below the GTSM threshold and the session stays down.
- A forwarding queue is treated as reserved solely because a nonzero label exists.
- An egress ACL is installed where it never checks inbound spoofed packets.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The suspected defect directly frustrates BGP TTL security: the peer sends TTL values below the GTSM threshold and the session stays down. Correcting it should allow verification that BGP establishes only when the arriving packet TTL meets the chosen hop bound.
Incorrect Answers
A:This defect belongs to BGP FlowSpec filtering, where the affected outcome is to distribute narrowly scoped traffic-filtering rules to mitigate a specific attack flow. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the BGP TTL security design in this case: the peer sends TTL values below the GTSM threshold and the session stays down.
C:This defect belongs to IPv6 flow label distinction, where the affected outcome is to retain IPv6 per-flow classification clues without mistaking the flow label for a QoS reservation. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the BGP TTL security design in this case: the peer sends TTL values below the GTSM threshold and the session stays down.
D:This defect belongs to customer edge ACL anti-spoof, where the affected outcome is to permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the BGP TTL security design in this case: the peer sends TTL values below the GTSM threshold and the session stays down.
Question 95
After Harbor Metro deploys BGP TTL security to reduce acceptance of spoofed multihop BGP control packets on an adjacent peering, the primary acceptance check passes (BGP establishes only when the arriving packet TTL meets the chosen hop bound). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- Policy validation and rule precedence are essential to avoid outages.
- Label generation and middlebox behavior vary across implementations.
- A routing or tunnel hop change may require revisiting TTL expectations.
- A prefix change requires a synchronized ACL update to avoid customer outage.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The relevant boundary of BGP TTL security is that a routing or tunnel hop change may require revisiting TTL expectations. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to BGP FlowSpec filtering in a different scenario where operators need to distribute narrowly scoped traffic-filtering rules to mitigate a specific attack flow. For the deployed BGP TTL security approach, the relevant caution is instead that a routing or tunnel hop change may require revisiting TTL expectations.
B:This concern applies to IPv6 flow label distinction in a different scenario where operators need to retain IPv6 per-flow classification clues without mistaking the flow label for a QoS reservation. For the deployed BGP TTL security approach, the relevant caution is instead that a routing or tunnel hop change may require revisiting TTL expectations.
D:This concern applies to customer edge ACL anti-spoof in a different scenario where operators need to permit only delegated customer source prefixes at a provider access boundary. For the deployed BGP TTL security approach, the relevant caution is instead that a routing or tunnel hop change may require revisiting TTL expectations.
Question 96
Summit Service Provider must authenticate label-distribution sessions with a neighboring label switching router. The operator is comparing several service-provider methods. Which design or control directly addresses that stated requirement?
- BGP TTL security
- metro Ethernet E-Line isolation
- PON access contention
- LDP authentication scope
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:LDP authentication scope matches this requirement: the team should configure matching supported LDP neighbor authentication on both peers. A relevant outcome would be that the targeted LDP session becomes established with valid authentication.
Incorrect Answers
A:BGP TTL security instead addresses a different condition: reduce acceptance of spoofed multihop BGP control packets on an adjacent peering. It would instead require you to configure the generalized TTL security mechanism with the peer's expected hop distance, not the stated goal to authenticate label-distribution sessions with a neighboring label switching router.
B:metro Ethernet E-Line isolation instead addresses a different condition: link exactly two customer sites with a point-to-point Ethernet service. It would instead require you to provision an E-Line Ethernet virtual circuit between the specified UNI endpoints, not the stated goal to authenticate label-distribution sessions with a neighboring label switching router.
C:PON access contention instead addresses a different condition: attach residential endpoints over a shared passive optical access tree. It would instead require you to provision the required PON optical line termination and per-subscriber access allocation, not the stated goal to authenticate label-distribution sessions with a neighboring label switching router.
Question 97
At Ridgeway Networks, the engineering change is approved for LDP authentication scope. The specific goal is to authenticate label-distribution sessions with a neighboring label switching router. Which implementation step belongs in this change plan?
- Configure matching supported LDP neighbor authentication on both peers.
- Configure the generalized TTL security mechanism with the peer's expected hop distance.
- Provision an E-Line Ethernet virtual circuit between the specified UNI endpoints.
- Provision the required PON optical line termination and per-subscriber access allocation.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Implementing LDP authentication scope requires the operator to configure matching supported LDP neighbor authentication on both peers. This makes the required goal testable using evidence that the targeted LDP session becomes established with valid authentication.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed step is for BGP TTL security, whose purpose is to reduce acceptance of spoofed multihop BGP control packets on an adjacent peering. It would not perform the necessary LDP authentication scope operation: configure matching supported LDP neighbor authentication on both peers.
C:The proposed step is for metro Ethernet E-Line isolation, whose purpose is to link exactly two customer sites with a point-to-point Ethernet service. It would not perform the necessary LDP authentication scope operation: configure matching supported LDP neighbor authentication on both peers.
D:The proposed step is for PON access contention, whose purpose is to attach residential endpoints over a shared passive optical access tree. It would not perform the necessary LDP authentication scope operation: configure matching supported LDP neighbor authentication on both peers.
Question 98
Lakeside Transport has deployed LDP authentication scope to authenticate label-distribution sessions with a neighboring label switching router. The implementation step was to configure matching supported LDP neighbor authentication on both peers. Which observation demonstrates that the requested service is working?
- BGP establishes only when the arriving packet TTL meets the chosen hop bound.
- The targeted LDP session becomes established with valid authentication.
- The two authorized UNIs exchange customer frames while a third UNI has no participation.
- Each optical network terminal registers and observes its assigned access service.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:For LDP authentication scope, successful verification means that the targeted LDP session becomes established with valid authentication. That evidence directly tests whether the provider can authenticate label-distribution sessions with a neighboring label switching router after deployment.
Incorrect Answers
A:The observation would verify BGP TTL security under the separate requirement to reduce acceptance of spoofed multihop BGP control packets on an adjacent peering. It does not demonstrate the needed LDP authentication scope result: the targeted LDP session becomes established with valid authentication.
C:The observation would verify metro Ethernet E-Line isolation under the separate requirement to link exactly two customer sites with a point-to-point Ethernet service. It does not demonstrate the needed LDP authentication scope result: the targeted LDP session becomes established with valid authentication.
D:The observation would verify PON access contention under the separate requirement to attach residential endpoints over a shared passive optical access tree. It does not demonstrate the needed LDP authentication scope result: the targeted LDP session becomes established with valid authentication.
Question 99
While troubleshooting LDP authentication scope at Coastal Communications, the intended acceptance outcome is still missing: the targeted LDP session becomes established with valid authentication. Which fault condition should be investigated first for this particular design?
- The peer sends TTL values below the GTSM threshold and the session stays down.
- A multipoint service unintentionally bridges an unrelated customer endpoint.
- TCP LDP authentication values differ and no stable label session forms.
- An upstream core MPLS label is changed while an ONT remains unregistered.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The suspected defect directly frustrates LDP authentication scope: TCP LDP authentication values differ and no stable label session forms. Correcting it should allow verification that the targeted LDP session becomes established with valid authentication.
Incorrect Answers
A:This defect belongs to BGP TTL security, where the affected outcome is to reduce acceptance of spoofed multihop BGP control packets on an adjacent peering. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the LDP authentication scope design in this case: TCP LDP authentication values differ and no stable label session forms.
B:This defect belongs to metro Ethernet E-Line isolation, where the affected outcome is to link exactly two customer sites with a point-to-point Ethernet service. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the LDP authentication scope design in this case: TCP LDP authentication values differ and no stable label session forms.
D:This defect belongs to PON access contention, where the affected outcome is to attach residential endpoints over a shared passive optical access tree. It is not the direct failure mode identified for the LDP authentication scope design in this case: TCP LDP authentication values differ and no stable label session forms.
Question 100
After Bluebird Infrastructure deploys LDP authentication scope to authenticate label-distribution sessions with a neighboring label switching router, the primary acceptance check passes (the targeted LDP session becomes established with valid authentication). What remaining operational risk should still be part of the design review?
- A routing or tunnel hop change may require revisiting TTL expectations.
- Provider handoff QoS and fault domains remain subject to the service contract.
- Shared access scheduling can become the capacity bottleneck.
- Authentication does not replace MPLS forwarding-plane isolation.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The relevant boundary of LDP authentication scope is that authentication does not replace MPLS forwarding-plane isolation. Passing the acceptance test does not eliminate this residual operational risk.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concern applies to BGP TTL security in a different scenario where operators need to reduce acceptance of spoofed multihop BGP control packets on an adjacent peering. For the deployed LDP authentication scope approach, the relevant caution is instead that authentication does not replace MPLS forwarding-plane isolation.
B:This concern applies to metro Ethernet E-Line isolation in a different scenario where operators need to link exactly two customer sites with a point-to-point Ethernet service. For the deployed LDP authentication scope approach, the relevant caution is instead that authentication does not replace MPLS forwarding-plane isolation.
C:This concern applies to PON access contention in a different scenario where operators need to attach residential endpoints over a shared passive optical access tree. For the deployed LDP authentication scope approach, the relevant caution is instead that authentication does not replace MPLS forwarding-plane isolation.
Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) (350-501) Practice Tests