Question 490
A security multicast feed uses source-specific multicast and must admit group232.1.1.1 traffic only from 198.51.100.9. The incident evidence is: Receiver sees multicast data from an unapproved source within the same group address. Which targeted configuration or design change best addresses the failure?
- Configure static inside-source NAT mapping the exact internal host to the approved routable address.
- Follow RPF checks by ensuring unicast routing toward the multicast source identifies the receiving interface.
- Select supported bidirectional PIM with a properly established RP and designated-forwarder behavior.
- Use IGMPv3 source filters and an appropriate PIM SSM range rather than any-source RP reliance.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The required correction is: Use IGMPv3 source filters and an appropriate PIM SSM range rather than any-source RP reliance. The underlying failure mechanism is: Source-specific membership signaling or SSM configuration was not enforced at the receiver edge. Verify success by carrying out this direct test: inspect (S,G) subscriptions for the allowed source and confirm other sources are excluded.
Incorrect Answers
A:Configuring static inside-source NAT mapping the exact internal host to the approved routable address would not meet the need for iGMPv3 source filters and an appropriate PIM SSM range rather than any-source RP reliance.
B:Follow RPF checks by ensuring unicast routing toward the multicast source identifies the receiving interface would not meet the need for iGMPv3 source filters and an appropriate PIM SSM range rather than any-source RP reliance.
C:Selecting supported bidirectional PIM with a properly established RP and designated-forwarder behavior would not meet the need for iGMPv3 source filters and an appropriate PIM SSM range rather than any-source RP reliance.
Question 491
A security multicast feed uses source-specific multicast and must admit group232.1.1.1 traffic only from 198.51.100.9. The proposed remedy is: Use IGMPv3 source filters and an appropriate PIM SSM range rather than any-source RP reliance. Which observation would most directly confirm that remedy works as intended?
- Inspect (S,G) subscriptions for the allowed source and confirm other sources are excluded.
- Inspect multicast RPF interface, source route and drop counters for the (S,G) stream.
- Verify bidirectional group tree state and upstream/downstream forwarding from multiple sources.
- Inspect NAT translations and verify the partner sees the required external source address.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The decisive acceptance observation is: Inspect (S,G) subscriptions for the allowed source and confirm other sources are excluded. This tests the working mechanism, while the original incident was: receiver sees multicast data from an unapproved source within the same group address.
Incorrect Answers
B:This test measures a different behavior: Inspect multicast RPF interface, source route and drop counters for the (S,G) stream. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: inspect (S,G) subscriptions for the allowed source and confirm other sources are excluded.
C:This test measures a different behavior: Verify bidirectional group tree state and upstream/downstream forwarding from multiple sources. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: inspect (S,G) subscriptions for the allowed source and confirm other sources are excluded.
D:This test measures a different behavior: Inspect NAT translations and verify the partner sees the required external source address. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: inspect (S,G) subscriptions for the allowed source and confirm other sources are excluded.
Question 492
A security multicast feed uses source-specific multicast and must admit group232.1.1.1 traffic only from 198.51.100.9. During troubleshooting: Receiver sees multicast data from an unapproved source within the same group address. Which underlying cause best explains the recorded behavior?
- Source-specific membership signaling or SSM configuration was not enforced at the receiver edge.
- The required PIM bidirectional shared-tree/RP design was not consistently enabled.
- Incoming multicast violates reverse-path forwarding against the unicast route to the source.
- Dynamic PAT was used where a stable one-to-one NAT identity was required.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The actual technical cause is: Source-specific membership signaling or SSM configuration was not enforced at the receiver edge. It specifically explains the observation: receiver sees multicast data from an unapproved source within the same group address. The correcting configuration is: use IGMPv3 source filters and an appropriate PIM SSM range rather than any-source RP reliance.
Incorrect Answers
B:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: A bidirectional group receives data only from one source because the network was built on incompatible source-tree assumptions. Here the recorded observation is: receiver sees multicast data from an unapproved source within the same group address. The applicable cause is: source-specific membership signaling or SSM configuration was not enforced at the receiver edge.
C:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: Multicast traffic is dropped even though the receiver has joined the group. Here the recorded observation is: receiver sees multicast data from an unapproved source within the same group address. The applicable cause is: source-specific membership signaling or SSM configuration was not enforced at the receiver edge.
D:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: The partner denies the host because its outbound session uses a shared PAT address rather than the fixed mapped address. Here the recorded observation is: receiver sees multicast data from an unapproved source within the same group address. The applicable cause is: source-specific membership signaling or SSM configuration was not enforced at the receiver edge.
Question 493
A security multicast feed uses source-specific multicast and must admit group232.1.1.1 traffic only from 198.51.100.9. Select TWO complementary decisions: the direct technical remedy and a safeguard against recurrence. A verification-only step cannot substitute for either action.
- Provide a reachable RP for the PIM-SM any-source multicast groups, respecting PIM neighbor and RPF state.
- Review IGMPv3 receiver compatibility and source filters after application changes.
- Validate DF elections and bidirectional group address assignments across routing changes.
- Use IGMPv3 source filters and an appropriate PIM SSM range rather than any-source RP reliance.
- Follow RPF checks by ensuring unicast routing toward the multicast source identifies the receiving interface.
Explanation
Correct Answers
B:The continuing protective control is: Review IGMPv3 receiver compatibility and source filters after application changes. This addresses the underlying failure mechanism: source-specific membership signaling or SSM configuration was not enforced at the receiver edge. The corresponding operational check is: inspect (S,G) subscriptions for the allowed source and confirm other sources are excluded.
D:The required correction is: Use IGMPv3 source filters and an appropriate PIM SSM range rather than any-source RP reliance. The underlying failure mechanism is: Source-specific membership signaling or SSM configuration was not enforced at the receiver edge. Verify success by carrying out this direct test: inspect (S,G) subscriptions for the allowed source and confirm other sources are excluded.
Incorrect Answers
A:An any-source PIM rendezvous point is not the source-filtering mechanism needed for source-specific multicast.
C:That control reduces a separate risk: The required PIM bidirectional shared-tree/RP design was not consistently enabled. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: source-specific membership signaling or SSM configuration was not enforced at the receiver edge. The specific required safeguard is: review IGMPv3 receiver compatibility and source filters after application changes.
E:RPF path validation helps multicast routing, but it does not restrict group membership to traffic from the one permitted source.
Question 494
An enterprise uses bidirectional multicast groups with many active sources and wants a shared bidir tree rather than source-specific shortest-path switching. The incident evidence is: A bidirectional group receives data only from one source because the network was built on incompatible source-tree assumptions. Which targeted configuration or design change best addresses the failure?
- Select supported bidirectional PIM with a properly established RP and designated-forwarder behavior.
- Provide a reachable RP for the PIM-SM any-source multicast groups, respecting PIM neighbor and RPF state.
- Configure supported NTP authentication/key associations and restrict permitted peers where required.
- Use IGMPv3 source filters and an appropriate PIM SSM range rather than any-source RP reliance.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The required correction is: Select supported bidirectional PIM with a properly established RP and designated-forwarder behavior. The underlying failure mechanism is: The required PIM bidirectional shared-tree/RP design was not consistently enabled. Verify success by carrying out this direct test: verify bidirectional group tree state and upstream/downstream forwarding from multiple sources.
Incorrect Answers
B:Providing a reachable RP for the PIM-SM any-source multicast groups, respecting PIM neighbor and RPF state would not meet the need for supported bidirectional PIM with a properly established RP and designated-forwarder behavior.
C:Configuring supported NTP authentication/key associations and restricting permitted peers where required would not meet the need for supported bidirectional PIM with a properly established RP and designated-forwarder behavior.
D:Using IGMPv3 source filters and an appropriate PIM SSM range rather than any-source RP reliance would not meet the need for supported bidirectional PIM with a properly established RP and designated-forwarder behavior.
Question 495
An enterprise uses bidirectional multicast groups with many active sources and wants a shared bidir tree rather than source-specific shortest-path switching. The proposed remedy is: Select supported bidirectional PIM with a properly established RP and designated-forwarder behavior. Which observation would most directly confirm that remedy works as intended?
- Inspect (S,G) subscriptions for the allowed source and confirm other sources are excluded.
- Check authenticated NTP association state and reject test replies from an untrusted peer.
- Check the RP mapping and (*,G)/(S,G) tree progression after receiver joins.
- Verify bidirectional group tree state and upstream/downstream forwarding from multiple sources.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The decisive acceptance observation is: Verify bidirectional group tree state and upstream/downstream forwarding from multiple sources. This tests the working mechanism, while the original incident was: a bidirectional group receives data only from one source because the network was built on incompatible source-tree assumptions.
Incorrect Answers
A:This test measures a different behavior: Inspect (S,G) subscriptions for the allowed source and confirm other sources are excluded. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: verify bidirectional group tree state and upstream/downstream forwarding from multiple sources.
B:This test measures a different behavior: Check authenticated NTP association state and reject test replies from an untrusted peer. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: verify bidirectional group tree state and upstream/downstream forwarding from multiple sources.
C:This test measures a different behavior: Check the RP mapping and (*,G)/(S,G) tree progression after receiver joins. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: verify bidirectional group tree state and upstream/downstream forwarding from multiple sources.
Question 496
A branch can ping its WAN next hop but an application subnet several routers away times out; the engineer must locate the forwarding hop where the path fails. The incident evidence is: A simple ping of the first WAN router succeeds while the remote subnet remains unreachable. Which targeted configuration or design change best addresses the failure?
- Test the affected TCP flow and use supported protocol-specific traceroute/ACL counters rather than relying on ICMP reachability alone.
- Use interface counters, flow/trace data and narrowly bounded tests instead of continuous invasive debugging.
- Use traceroute with an appropriate source address and protocol to identify the point where replies stop or diverge.
- Inspect device interface counters and compare deltas with SNMP interface telemetry as appropriate.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The required correction is: Use traceroute with an appropriate source address and protocol to identify the point where replies stop or diverge. The underlying failure mechanism is: Ping to the local next hop only confirms first-hop reachability, not the entire routed path. Verify success by carrying out this direct test: compare traceroute hop sequence with expected routing and a known-good source.
Incorrect Answers
A:The needed correction is to use traceroute with an appropriate source address and protocol to identify the point where replies stop or diverge.
B:Using interface counters, flow/trace data and narrowly bounded tests would not meet the need for traceroute with an appropriate source address and protocol to identify the point where replies stop or diverge.
D:Inspecting device interface counters and comparing deltas with SNMP interface telemetry as appropriate would not meet the need for traceroute with an appropriate source address and protocol to identify the point where replies stop or diverge.
Question 497
A branch can ping its WAN next hop but an application subnet several routers away times out; the engineer must locate the forwarding hop where the path fails. The proposed remedy is: Use traceroute with an appropriate source address and protocol to identify the point where replies stop or diverge. Which observation would most directly confirm that remedy works as intended?
- Compare low-overhead telemetry before, during and after the event at the same time scale.
- Compare port443 connection success, filtering counters and ICMP response under the same source route.
- Correlate rising errors/discards on the affected port with link test times.
- Compare traceroute hop sequence with expected routing and a known-good source.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The decisive acceptance observation is: Compare traceroute hop sequence with expected routing and a known-good source. This tests the working mechanism, while the original incident was: a simple ping of the first WAN router succeeds while the remote subnet remains unreachable.
Incorrect Answers
A:This test measures a different behavior: Compare low-overhead telemetry before, during and after the event at the same time scale. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: compare traceroute hop sequence with expected routing and a known-good source.
B:This test measures a different behavior: Compare port443 connection success, filtering counters and ICMP response under the same source route. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: compare traceroute hop sequence with expected routing and a known-good source.
C:This test measures a different behavior: Correlate rising errors/discards on the affected port with link test times. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: compare traceroute hop sequence with expected routing and a known-good source.
Question 498
A branch can ping its WAN next hop but an application subnet several routers away times out; the engineer must locate the forwarding hop where the path fails. During troubleshooting: A simple ping of the first WAN router succeeds while the remote subnet remains unreachable. Which underlying cause best explains the recorded behavior?
- No per-interface error counter inspection was performed to distinguish media faults from software failures.
- The diagnostic itself adds CPU and logging overhead that changes production behavior.
- Ping to the local next hop only confirms first-hop reachability, not the entire routed path.
- ICMP echo reachability does not prove that TCP443 is allowed through middleboxes.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The actual technical cause is: Ping to the local next hop only confirms first-hop reachability, not the entire routed path. It specifically explains the observation: a simple ping of the first WAN router succeeds while the remote subnet remains unreachable. The correcting configuration is: use traceroute with an appropriate source address and protocol to identify the point where replies stop or diverge.
Incorrect Answers
A:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: A host application reports retransmissions, but engineers cannot isolate the damaged physical link. Here the recorded observation is: a simple ping of the first WAN router succeeds while the remote subnet remains unreachable. The applicable cause is: ping to the local next hop only confirms first-hop reachability, not the entire routed path.
B:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: A high-rate debug makes a forwarding problem appear worse by starving the control plane. Here the recorded observation is: a simple ping of the first WAN router succeeds while the remote subnet remains unreachable. The applicable cause is: ping to the local next hop only confirms first-hop reachability, not the entire routed path.
D:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: An engineer closes the ticket because `ping` succeeds, although the application still cannot connect. Here the recorded observation is: a simple ping of the first WAN router succeeds while the remote subnet remains unreachable. The applicable cause is: ping to the local next hop only confirms first-hop reachability, not the entire routed path.
Question 499
A branch can ping its WAN next hop but an application subnet several routers away times out; the engineer must locate the forwarding hop where the path fails. The initial change is: Use traceroute with an appropriate source address and protocol to identify the point where replies stop or diverge. Which continuing control most directly prevents a recurrence of the documented problem: A simple ping of the first WAN router succeeds while the remote subnet remains unreachable.
- Include service-protocol checks and relevant source/destination/port details in diagnostic evidence.
- Retain source-specific traceroute baselines and verify return-path filtering before declaring a hop down.
- Establish a safe debug escalation process and baseline telemetry before intrusive tools.
- Monitor interface error rates and physical optics health against change baselines.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The continuing protective control is: Retain source-specific traceroute baselines and verify return-path filtering before declaring a hop down. This addresses the underlying failure mechanism: ping to the local next hop only confirms first-hop reachability, not the entire routed path. The corresponding operational check is: compare traceroute hop sequence with expected routing and a known-good source.
Incorrect Answers
A:That control reduces a separate risk: ICMP echo reachability does not prove that TCP443 is allowed through middleboxes. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: ping to the local next hop only confirms first-hop reachability, not the entire routed path. The specific required safeguard is: retain source-specific traceroute baselines and verify return-path filtering before declaring a hop down.
C:That control reduces a separate risk: The diagnostic itself adds CPU and logging overhead that changes production behavior. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: ping to the local next hop only confirms first-hop reachability, not the entire routed path. The specific required safeguard is: retain source-specific traceroute baselines and verify return-path filtering before declaring a hop down.
D:That control reduces a separate risk: No per-interface error counter inspection was performed to distinguish media faults from software failures. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: ping to the local next hop only confirms first-hop reachability, not the entire routed path. The specific required safeguard is: retain source-specific traceroute baselines and verify return-path filtering before declaring a hop down.
Question 500
A scheduled change causes intermittent loss only for TCP443 while ICMP echo requests still succeed across the same path. The incident evidence is: An engineer closes the ticket because `ping` succeeds, although the application still cannot connect. Which targeted configuration or design change best addresses the failure?
- Use traceroute with an appropriate source address and protocol to identify the point where replies stop or diverge.
- Use narrowly scoped conditional debugging with the relevant process/interface filter and a bounded observation window.
- Use interface counters, flow/trace data and narrowly bounded tests instead of continuous invasive debugging.
- Test the affected TCP flow and use supported protocol-specific traceroute/ACL counters rather than relying on ICMP reachability alone.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The required correction is: Test the affected TCP flow and use supported protocol-specific traceroute/ACL counters rather than relying on ICMP reachability alone. The underlying failure mechanism is: ICMP echo reachability does not prove that TCP443 is allowed through middleboxes. Verify success by carrying out this direct test: compare port443 connection success, filtering counters and ICMP response under the same source route.
Incorrect Answers
A:Ping to the local next hop only confirms first-hop reachability, not the entire routed path. ICMP echo reachability does not prove that TCP443 is allowed through middleboxes.
B:Unfiltered debug processing generated excessive diagnostic output on a production control plane. ICMP echo reachability does not prove that TCP443 is allowed through middleboxes.
C:The diagnostic itself adds CPU and logging overhead that changes production behavior. ICMP echo reachability does not prove that TCP443 is allowed through middleboxes.
Implementing Cisco Enterprise Network Core Technologies (ENCOR) (350-401) Practice Tests