Question 120
A design review identifies: A company requires a cryptographic signing key whose private material remains protected by managed HSM with dedicated administration boundaries. The failure is: An audit finds sensitive signing keys exported into general-purpose application configuration. Select TWO distinct decisions that together provide the immediate technical solution AND an ongoing prevention control. A verification-only step does not replace either responsibility.
- Review HSM activation, RBAC and key-rotation/audit events for authorized users.
- Store and manage supported application certificates through Azure Key Vault, with authorized retrieval and a rotation process.
- Use Azure Key Vault Managed HSM and its supported key policies or access roles for the signing workload.
- Provide a Key Vault private endpoint and correct private DNS zone integration and apply allowed RBAC and firewall settings.
- Audit Key Vault role assignment and access denials after moving vault resources.
Explanation
Correct Answers
A:The key follow-up control is: Review HSM activation, RBAC and key-rotation/audit events for authorized users. It avoids recurrence of the scenario in which: An audit finds sensitive signing keys exported into general-purpose application configuration. It addresses: The security boundary does not enforce non-exportable managed-HSM key operations.
C:The evidence (An audit finds sensitive signing keys exported into general-purpose application configuration.) identifies the following cause: The security boundary does not enforce non-exportable managed-HSM key operations. The design that removes it is: Use Azure Key Vault Managed HSM and its supported key policies or access roles for the signing workload. The acceptance check is: Create or use a key in the managed HSM and verify signing operations without private key export.
Incorrect Answers
B:That design instead addresses another observed condition: Customer web apps fail TLS because manually installed certificates expired silently. Its technical cause is: Certificate lifecycle management was decentralized with no rotation signal or update workflow. The current workload exhibits: An audit finds sensitive signing keys exported into general-purpose application configuration. Its targeted remedy is: Use Azure Key Vault Managed HSM and its supported key policies or access roles for the signing workload.
D:The option belongs to a different failure mechanism: Private endpoint connectivity and private DNS were not established for the vault. That situation exhibits: The app reports DNS or connectivity failure after Key Vault public endpoints are disabled. For the stated case, the remedy is: Use Azure Key Vault Managed HSM and its supported key policies or access roles for the signing workload.
E:That safeguard manages another risk: Control-plane management permissions do not automatically confer Key Vault data-plane secret rights. Its scenario is: The app is resource-group Contributor but receives a 403 when trying to set a secret. The present recurring risk is: The security boundary does not enforce non-exportable managed-HSM key operations. The proper ongoing control is: Review HSM activation, RBAC and key-rotation/audit events for authorized users.
Question 121
A design workshop has this requirement: A line-of-business app runs behind a private on-premises server but remote employees need Entra preauthentication without exposing inbound firewall ports. Operators currently observe: Remote users access a legacy web app directly without expected Conditional Access controls. Select the ONE design remedy that best addresses the root cause.
- Use Microsoft Entra B2B collaboration with an approved guest invitation and application-level assignment or access package.
- Apply a correctly targeted Microsoft Entra Conditional Access policy requiring an appropriate phishing-resistant authentication strength with tested exclusions.
- Enable assignment required on the enterprise application and assign only authorized users or groups to permitted app roles.
- Publish the supported web app using Microsoft Entra Application Proxy and a healthy outbound connector group, with Entra preauthentication.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:This option addresses the actual design defect: The application was published by direct inbound exposure instead of Entra-aware proxy preauthentication. The correction is: Publish the supported web app using Microsoft Entra Application Proxy and a healthy outbound connector group, with Entra preauthentication. Confirm the outcome with: Test an external login against Entra and verify the connector reaches the internal URL without an inbound internet firewall rule.
Incorrect Answers
A:That design instead addresses another observed condition: The vendor needs unrestricted tenant accounts to reach one internal app. Its technical cause is: External collaboration was treated as a permanent internal employee account rather than a governed guest identity. The current workload exhibits: Remote users access a legacy web app directly without expected Conditional Access controls. Its targeted remedy is: Publish the supported web app using Microsoft Entra Application Proxy and a healthy outbound connector group, with Entra preauthentication.
B:This choice mitigates an alternative scenario, where: A privileged user can sign in with an ordinary SMS factor despite the requirement. The underlying issue there is: An MFA requirement was configured without mandating phishing-resistant authentication methods. Here the root issue is: The application was published by direct inbound exposure instead of Entra-aware proxy preauthentication. Choose the corresponding action: Publish the supported web app using Microsoft Entra Application Proxy and a healthy outbound connector group, with Entra preauthentication.
C:The option belongs to a different failure mechanism: The app allows unsolicited user sign-in when assignment gating is not enforced. That situation exhibits: A nonmember signs in to the app despite having no explicit enterprise-app assignment. For the stated case, the remedy is: Publish the supported web app using Microsoft Entra Application Proxy and a healthy outbound connector group, with Entra preauthentication.
Question 122
The planned architecture is: Publish the supported web app using Microsoft Entra Application Proxy and a healthy outbound connector group, with Entra preauthentication. Workload context: A line-of-business app runs behind a private on-premises server but remote employees need Entra preauthentication without exposing inbound firewall ports. Which acceptance test demonstrates that the required behavior works?
- Test sign-in as an unassigned user and as an assigned group member to confirm the boundary.
- Invite the vendor and verify access only to the approved app under the tenant's external collaboration policies.
- Use report-only or What If evaluation and protected test accounts to verify required strength gates administrator access.
- Test an external login against Entra and verify the connector reaches the internal URL without an inbound internet firewall rule.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:This observation directly verifies the intended design: Test an external login against Entra and verify the connector reaches the internal URL without an inbound internet firewall rule. The architecture being tested is: Publish the supported web app using Microsoft Entra Application Proxy and a healthy outbound connector group, with Entra preauthentication. The original symptom was: Remote users access a legacy web app directly without expected Conditional Access controls.
Incorrect Answers
A:This check validates a different workload: Test sign-in as an unassigned user and as an assigned group member to confirm the boundary. Its associated design is: Enable assignment required on the enterprise application and assign only authorized users or groups to permitted app roles. The required acceptance test here is: Test an external login against Entra and verify the connector reaches the internal URL without an inbound internet firewall rule.
B:That observation pertains to a separate failure: The vendor needs unrestricted tenant accounts to reach one internal app. Its cause is: External collaboration was treated as a permanent internal employee account rather than a governed guest identity. It does not confirm the result of this design. The direct proof would be: Test an external login against Entra and verify the connector reaches the internal URL without an inbound internet firewall rule.
C:The alternative test targets: Apply a correctly targeted Microsoft Entra Conditional Access policy requiring an appropriate phishing-resistant authentication strength with tested exclusions. The scenario's actual proposed remedy is: Publish the supported web app using Microsoft Entra Application Proxy and a healthy outbound connector group, with Entra preauthentication. Verify that one by: Test an external login against Entra and verify the connector reaches the internal URL without an inbound internet firewall rule.
Question 123
The customer states: A line-of-business app runs behind a private on-premises server but remote employees need Entra preauthentication without exposing inbound firewall ports. An incident reveals: Remote users access a legacy web app directly without expected Conditional Access controls. What cause best accounts for this evidence?
- The application was published by direct inbound exposure instead of Entra-aware proxy preauthentication.
- External collaboration was treated as a permanent internal employee account rather than a governed guest identity.
- The app allows unsolicited user sign-in when assignment gating is not enforced.
- An MFA requirement was configured without mandating phishing-resistant authentication methods.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The incident is explained by: The application was published by direct inbound exposure instead of Entra-aware proxy preauthentication. The reported symptom is: Remote users access a legacy web app directly without expected Conditional Access controls. The corresponding design fix is: Publish the supported web app using Microsoft Entra Application Proxy and a healthy outbound connector group, with Entra preauthentication.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed diagnosis fits another scenario: External collaboration was treated as a permanent internal employee account rather than a governed guest identity. It would typically be reflected by: The vendor needs unrestricted tenant accounts to reach one internal app. The current evidence instead supports: The application was published by direct inbound exposure instead of Entra-aware proxy preauthentication.
C:The alternative weakness is: The app allows unsolicited user sign-in when assignment gating is not enforced. Its associated failure is: A nonmember signs in to the app despite having no explicit enterprise-app assignment. Neither explains the present observation: Remote users access a legacy web app directly without expected Conditional Access controls. The direct cause here is: The application was published by direct inbound exposure instead of Entra-aware proxy preauthentication.
D:This cause would explain a different symptom: A privileged user can sign in with an ordinary SMS factor despite the requirement. The mechanism for that event is: An MFA requirement was configured without mandating phishing-resistant authentication methods. Here the stated symptom is: Remote users access a legacy web app directly without expected Conditional Access controls. Its cause is: The application was published by direct inbound exposure instead of Entra-aware proxy preauthentication.
Question 124
Workload context: A line-of-business app runs behind a private on-premises server but remote employees need Entra preauthentication without exposing inbound firewall ports. The implemented remedy is: Publish the supported web app using Microsoft Entra Application Proxy and a healthy outbound connector group, with Entra preauthentication. Which ongoing practice most specifically prevents recurrence of this failure: Remote users access a legacy web app directly without expected Conditional Access controls.?
- Audit group membership and application role mappings after business unit reorganizations.
- Maintain emergency access exclusion controls and re-evaluate strength policy after authentication method changes.
- Require guest access reviews and expiration/removal when the contractual engagement ends.
- Monitor connector health, published app preauthentication and Conditional Access exclusions.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The preventive control is: Monitor connector health, published app preauthentication and Conditional Access exclusions. It targets the earlier cause: The application was published by direct inbound exposure instead of Entra-aware proxy preauthentication. Confirm ongoing effectiveness by: Test an external login against Entra and verify the connector reaches the internal URL without an inbound internet firewall rule.
Incorrect Answers
A:That safeguard manages another risk: The app allows unsolicited user sign-in when assignment gating is not enforced. Its scenario is: A nonmember signs in to the app despite having no explicit enterprise-app assignment. The present recurring risk is: The application was published by direct inbound exposure instead of Entra-aware proxy preauthentication. The proper ongoing control is: Monitor connector health, published app preauthentication and Conditional Access exclusions.
B:This is a reasonable safeguard for a different fault: A privileged user can sign in with an ordinary SMS factor despite the requirement. That different mechanism is: An MFA requirement was configured without mandating phishing-resistant authentication methods. The original incident here instead arises from: The application was published by direct inbound exposure instead of Entra-aware proxy preauthentication. The directly relevant safeguard is: Monitor connector health, published app preauthentication and Conditional Access exclusions.
C:The proposed control focuses on: External collaboration was treated as a permanent internal employee account rather than a governed guest identity. For the design in the question, recurrence comes from: The application was published by direct inbound exposure instead of Entra-aware proxy preauthentication. A precise prevention step is: Monitor connector health, published app preauthentication and Conditional Access exclusions.
Question 125
A solution architect is reviewing a workload: A developer wants temporary privileged subscription rights for emergency repairs rather than standing Owner at all times. The observed incident is: The developer retains permanent active Owner after the incident window. Which architecture choice most directly removes the identified weakness?
- Assign a specific built-in or justified custom Azure RBAC role at the narrowest management scope granting needed resource actions.
- Apply a correctly targeted Microsoft Entra Conditional Access policy requiring an appropriate phishing-resistant authentication strength with tested exclusions.
- Assign the least-privileged supported Microsoft Entra role appropriate for the reset task, scoped through an administrative unit where supported.
- Use Microsoft Entra Privileged Identity Management for eligible Azure resource-role assignments with controlled activation.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The evidence (The developer retains permanent active Owner after the incident window.) identifies the following cause: A standing Azure resource role was assigned instead of time-bounded eligible elevation. The design that removes it is: Use Microsoft Entra Privileged Identity Management for eligible Azure resource-role assignments with controlled activation. The acceptance check is: Activate the eligible role for a test window and confirm the elevation expires and audit evidence exists.
Incorrect Answers
A:This choice mitigates an alternative scenario, where: An operator can delete unrelated production resources after being given subscription Owner. The underlying issue there is: The RBAC role and scope exceed the intended project's administrative responsibilities. Here the root issue is: A standing Azure resource role was assigned instead of time-bounded eligible elevation. Choose the corresponding action: Use Microsoft Entra Privileged Identity Management for eligible Azure resource-role assignments with controlled activation.
B:The option belongs to a different failure mechanism: An MFA requirement was configured without mandating phishing-resistant authentication methods. That situation exhibits: A privileged user can sign in with an ordinary SMS factor despite the requirement. For the stated case, the remedy is: Use Microsoft Entra Privileged Identity Management for eligible Azure resource-role assignments with controlled activation.
C:That design instead addresses another observed condition: The operator can reset credentials for users outside the assigned business unit. Its technical cause is: Directory role assignment has broader scope than the intended administrative unit. The current workload exhibits: The developer retains permanent active Owner after the incident window. Its targeted remedy is: Use Microsoft Entra Privileged Identity Management for eligible Azure resource-role assignments with controlled activation.
Question 126
An architect proposes this change: Use Microsoft Entra Privileged Identity Management for eligible Azure resource-role assignments with controlled activation. The workload context is: A developer wants temporary privileged subscription rights for emergency repairs rather than standing Owner at all times. Which evidence would most directly validate the change?
- Sign in as the project operator and test the specific permitted action and a prohibited resource operation.
- Use a test operator to reset an authorized user's password and confirm an out-of-scope user's reset is denied.
- Use report-only or What If evaluation and protected test accounts to verify required strength gates administrator access.
- Activate the eligible role for a test window and confirm the elevation expires and audit evidence exists.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The acceptance test is specific: Activate the eligible role for a test window and confirm the elevation expires and audit evidence exists. Its purpose is to establish that the proposed architecture works: Use Microsoft Entra Privileged Identity Management for eligible Azure resource-role assignments with controlled activation.
Incorrect Answers
A:That observation pertains to a separate failure: An operator can delete unrelated production resources after being given subscription Owner. Its cause is: The RBAC role and scope exceed the intended project's administrative responsibilities. It does not confirm the result of this design. The direct proof would be: Activate the eligible role for a test window and confirm the elevation expires and audit evidence exists.
B:The alternative test targets: Assign the least-privileged supported Microsoft Entra role appropriate for the reset task, scoped through an administrative unit where supported. The scenario's actual proposed remedy is: Use Microsoft Entra Privileged Identity Management for eligible Azure resource-role assignments with controlled activation. Verify that one by: Activate the eligible role for a test window and confirm the elevation expires and audit evidence exists.
C:This check validates a different workload: Use report-only or What If evaluation and protected test accounts to verify required strength gates administrator access. Its associated design is: Apply a correctly targeted Microsoft Entra Conditional Access policy requiring an appropriate phishing-resistant authentication strength with tested exclusions. The required acceptance test here is: Activate the eligible role for a test window and confirm the elevation expires and audit evidence exists.
Question 127
During architecture troubleshooting, a team reports: The developer retains permanent active Owner after the incident window. Context: A developer wants temporary privileged subscription rights for emergency repairs rather than standing Owner at all times. Which underlying design mistake explains the observed behavior most precisely?
- The RBAC role and scope exceed the intended project's administrative responsibilities.
- Directory role assignment has broader scope than the intended administrative unit.
- An MFA requirement was configured without mandating phishing-resistant authentication methods.
- A standing Azure resource role was assigned instead of time-bounded eligible elevation.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:This is the failure mechanism rather than an incidental symptom: A standing Azure resource role was assigned instead of time-bounded eligible elevation. It accounts for: The developer retains permanent active Owner after the incident window. The architectural repair is: Use Microsoft Entra Privileged Identity Management for eligible Azure resource-role assignments with controlled activation.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed diagnosis fits another scenario: The RBAC role and scope exceed the intended project's administrative responsibilities. It would typically be reflected by: An operator can delete unrelated production resources after being given subscription Owner. The current evidence instead supports: A standing Azure resource role was assigned instead of time-bounded eligible elevation.
B:The alternative weakness is: Directory role assignment has broader scope than the intended administrative unit. Its associated failure is: The operator can reset credentials for users outside the assigned business unit. Neither explains the present observation: The developer retains permanent active Owner after the incident window. The direct cause here is: A standing Azure resource role was assigned instead of time-bounded eligible elevation.
C:This cause would explain a different symptom: A privileged user can sign in with an ordinary SMS factor despite the requirement. The mechanism for that event is: An MFA requirement was configured without mandating phishing-resistant authentication methods. Here the stated symptom is: The developer retains permanent active Owner after the incident window. Its cause is: A standing Azure resource role was assigned instead of time-bounded eligible elevation.
Question 128
The design change is: Use Microsoft Entra Privileged Identity Management for eligible Azure resource-role assignments with controlled activation. The original failure was: The developer retains permanent active Owner after the incident window. Which ongoing control best prevents recurrence of the same root cause?
- Review role assignments and inherited scopes at subscription and resource-group boundaries.
- Maintain emergency access exclusion controls and re-evaluate strength policy after authentication method changes.
- Review role scopes and eligible assignments whenever the business unit's membership changes.
- Review eligible versus active role assignments and enforce periodic access reviews.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:This is an ongoing protection specific to the fault: Review eligible versus active role assignments and enforce periodic access reviews. The recurrence risk is: A standing Azure resource role was assigned instead of time-bounded eligible elevation. It should be checked using: Activate the eligible role for a test window and confirm the elevation expires and audit evidence exists.
Incorrect Answers
A:This is a reasonable safeguard for a different fault: An operator can delete unrelated production resources after being given subscription Owner. That different mechanism is: The RBAC role and scope exceed the intended project's administrative responsibilities. The original incident here instead arises from: A standing Azure resource role was assigned instead of time-bounded eligible elevation. The directly relevant safeguard is: Review eligible versus active role assignments and enforce periodic access reviews.
B:The proposed control focuses on: An MFA requirement was configured without mandating phishing-resistant authentication methods. For the design in the question, recurrence comes from: A standing Azure resource role was assigned instead of time-bounded eligible elevation. A precise prevention step is: Review eligible versus active role assignments and enforce periodic access reviews.
C:That safeguard manages another risk: Directory role assignment has broader scope than the intended administrative unit. Its scenario is: The operator can reset credentials for users outside the assigned business unit. The present recurring risk is: A standing Azure resource role was assigned instead of time-bounded eligible elevation. The proper ongoing control is: Review eligible versus active role assignments and enforce periodic access reviews.
Question 129
A design workshop has this requirement: A company uses Entra ID groups to control enterprise app access and must block unassigned users by default. Operators currently observe: A nonmember signs in to the app despite having no explicit enterprise-app assignment. Select the ONE design remedy that best addresses the root cause.
- Publish the supported web app using Microsoft Entra Application Proxy and a healthy outbound connector group, with Entra preauthentication.
- Use Microsoft Entra B2B collaboration with an approved guest invitation and application-level assignment or access package.
- Use Entra ID Governance access reviews with an appropriate reviewer, recurrence and auto-apply result configuration.
- Enable assignment required on the enterprise application and assign only authorized users or groups to permitted app roles.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The targeted implementation is: Enable assignment required on the enterprise application and assign only authorized users or groups to permitted app roles. The problem is not generic resource availability: The app allows unsolicited user sign-in when assignment gating is not enforced. Verify the result by: Test sign-in as an unassigned user and as an assigned group member to confirm the boundary.
Incorrect Answers
A:The option belongs to a different failure mechanism: The application was published by direct inbound exposure instead of Entra-aware proxy preauthentication. That situation exhibits: Remote users access a legacy web app directly without expected Conditional Access controls. For the stated case, the remedy is: Enable assignment required on the enterprise application and assign only authorized users or groups to permitted app roles.
B:That design instead addresses another observed condition: The vendor needs unrestricted tenant accounts to reach one internal app. Its technical cause is: External collaboration was treated as a permanent internal employee account rather than a governed guest identity. The current workload exhibits: A nonmember signs in to the app despite having no explicit enterprise-app assignment. Its targeted remedy is: Enable assignment required on the enterprise application and assign only authorized users or groups to permitted app roles.
C:This choice mitigates an alternative scenario, where: Former contractors remain group members after repeated manual spreadsheet audits. The underlying issue there is: There is no automated time-based group entitlement review/remediation process. Here the root issue is: The app allows unsolicited user sign-in when assignment gating is not enforced. Choose the corresponding action: Enable assignment required on the enterprise application and assign only authorized users or groups to permitted app roles.
Question 130
The planned architecture is: Enable assignment required on the enterprise application and assign only authorized users or groups to permitted app roles. Workload context: A company uses Entra ID groups to control enterprise app access and must block unassigned users by default. Which acceptance test demonstrates that the required behavior works?
- Test an external login against Entra and verify the connector reaches the internal URL without an inbound internet firewall rule.
- Test sign-in as an unassigned user and as an assigned group member to confirm the boundary.
- Run a review cycle and verify a denied membership is removed according to its configured settings.
- Invite the vendor and verify access only to the approved app under the tenant's external collaboration policies.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:This observation directly verifies the intended design: Test sign-in as an unassigned user and as an assigned group member to confirm the boundary. The architecture being tested is: Enable assignment required on the enterprise application and assign only authorized users or groups to permitted app roles. The original symptom was: A nonmember signs in to the app despite having no explicit enterprise-app assignment.
Incorrect Answers
A:The alternative test targets: Publish the supported web app using Microsoft Entra Application Proxy and a healthy outbound connector group, with Entra preauthentication. The scenario's actual proposed remedy is: Enable assignment required on the enterprise application and assign only authorized users or groups to permitted app roles. Verify that one by: Test sign-in as an unassigned user and as an assigned group member to confirm the boundary.
C:That observation pertains to a separate failure: Former contractors remain group members after repeated manual spreadsheet audits. Its cause is: There is no automated time-based group entitlement review/remediation process. It does not confirm the result of this design. The direct proof would be: Test sign-in as an unassigned user and as an assigned group member to confirm the boundary.
D:The alternative test targets: Use Microsoft Entra B2B collaboration with an approved guest invitation and application-level assignment or access package. The scenario's actual proposed remedy is: Enable assignment required on the enterprise application and assign only authorized users or groups to permitted app roles. Verify that one by: Test sign-in as an unassigned user and as an assigned group member to confirm the boundary.
Designing Microsoft Azure Infrastructure Solutions (AZ-305) Practice Tests