Question 90
The planned architecture is: Attach one user-assigned managed identity to the eligible compute resources and grant its required API permission or Azure role. Workload context: Three Azure Functions must use the same principal to authenticate to an external API even when one function is recreated. Which acceptance test demonstrates that the required behavior works?
- Run the read from the VM token context and verify access disappears when the managed identity is removed.
- Obtain an application token and test writing a permitted secret while confirming an unrelated vault is denied.
- Run a pod with the approved service-account binding and verify token-based SQL access, denying unbound pods.
- Recreate one function and verify its calls retain the same managed identity client ID and authorization.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The acceptance test is specific: Recreate one function and verify its calls retain the same managed identity client ID and authorization. Its purpose is to establish that the proposed architecture works: Attach one user-assigned managed identity to the eligible compute resources and grant its required API permission or Azure role.
Incorrect Answers
A:That observation pertains to a separate failure: A deployed app fails after its hard-coded storage account key expires. Its cause is: The app depends on stored credentials rather than the VM managed identity plus Azure RBAC data-plane authorization. It does not confirm the result of this design. The direct proof would be: Recreate one function and verify its calls retain the same managed identity client ID and authorization.
B:The alternative test targets: Grant the service principal the appropriate Key Vault RBAC data-plane role at the vault scope and use approved network controls. The scenario's actual proposed remedy is: Attach one user-assigned managed identity to the eligible compute resources and grant its required API permission or Azure role. Verify that one by: Recreate one function and verify its calls retain the same managed identity client ID and authorization.
C:This check validates a different workload: Run a pod with the approved service-account binding and verify token-based SQL access, denying unbound pods. Its associated design is: Configure supported AKS workload identity federation with a Kubernetes service account and a federated managed identity. The required acceptance test here is: Recreate one function and verify its calls retain the same managed identity client ID and authorization.
Question 91
The customer states: Three Azure Functions must use the same principal to authenticate to an external API even when one function is recreated. An incident reveals: A re-created function loses access because its original system identity principal no longer exists. What cause best accounts for this evidence?
- The workload is coupled to static credentials instead of the expected workload identity token trust.
- The app depends on stored credentials rather than the VM managed identity plus Azure RBAC data-plane authorization.
- Control-plane management permissions do not automatically confer Key Vault data-plane secret rights.
- A lifecycle-coupled identity was used where a shared persistent identity was required.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:This is the failure mechanism rather than an incidental symptom: A lifecycle-coupled identity was used where a shared persistent identity was required. It accounts for: A re-created function loses access because its original system identity principal no longer exists. The architectural repair is: Attach one user-assigned managed identity to the eligible compute resources and grant its required API permission or Azure role.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed diagnosis fits another scenario: The workload is coupled to static credentials instead of the expected workload identity token trust. It would typically be reflected by: Pods fail when an obsolete secret in Kubernetes is removed. The current evidence instead supports: A lifecycle-coupled identity was used where a shared persistent identity was required.
B:The alternative weakness is: The app depends on stored credentials rather than the VM managed identity plus Azure RBAC data-plane authorization. Its associated failure is: A deployed app fails after its hard-coded storage account key expires. Neither explains the present observation: A re-created function loses access because its original system identity principal no longer exists. The direct cause here is: A lifecycle-coupled identity was used where a shared persistent identity was required.
C:This cause would explain a different symptom: The app is resource-group Contributor but receives a 403 when trying to set a secret. The mechanism for that event is: Control-plane management permissions do not automatically confer Key Vault data-plane secret rights. Here the stated symptom is: A re-created function loses access because its original system identity principal no longer exists. Its cause is: A lifecycle-coupled identity was used where a shared persistent identity was required.
Question 92
Workload context: Three Azure Functions must use the same principal to authenticate to an external API even when one function is recreated. The implemented remedy is: Attach one user-assigned managed identity to the eligible compute resources and grant its required API permission or Azure role. Which ongoing practice most specifically prevents recurrence of this failure: A re-created function loses access because its original system identity principal no longer exists.?
- Audit the user-assigned identity's assignments when services or environments are retired.
- Review managed-identity roles and audit code for remaining shared keys or SAS credentials.
- Review service-account annotations, federated subjects and least-privilege database permissions.
- Audit Key Vault role assignment and access denials after moving vault resources.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:This is an ongoing protection specific to the fault: Audit the user-assigned identity's assignments when services or environments are retired. The recurrence risk is: A lifecycle-coupled identity was used where a shared persistent identity was required. It should be checked using: Recreate one function and verify its calls retain the same managed identity client ID and authorization.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed control focuses on: The app depends on stored credentials rather than the VM managed identity plus Azure RBAC data-plane authorization. For the design in the question, recurrence comes from: A lifecycle-coupled identity was used where a shared persistent identity was required. A precise prevention step is: Audit the user-assigned identity's assignments when services or environments are retired.
C:That safeguard manages another risk: The workload is coupled to static credentials instead of the expected workload identity token trust. Its scenario is: Pods fail when an obsolete secret in Kubernetes is removed. The present recurring risk is: A lifecycle-coupled identity was used where a shared persistent identity was required. The proper ongoing control is: Audit the user-assigned identity's assignments when services or environments are retired.
D:This is a reasonable safeguard for a different fault: The app is resource-group Contributor but receives a 403 when trying to set a secret. That different mechanism is: Control-plane management permissions do not automatically confer Key Vault data-plane secret rights. The original incident here instead arises from: A lifecycle-coupled identity was used where a shared persistent identity was required. The directly relevant safeguard is: Audit the user-assigned identity's assignments when services or environments are retired.
Question 93
A solution architect is reviewing a workload: A GitHub Actions release workflow should deploy infrastructure to a restricted Azure subscription without storing a client secret. The observed incident is: Pipeline authentication fails after a stored service principal client secret rotates. Which architecture choice most directly removes the identified weakness?
- Configure supported AKS workload identity federation with a Kubernetes service account and a federated managed identity.
- Attach one user-assigned managed identity to the eligible compute resources and grant its required API permission or Azure role.
- Grant the service principal the appropriate Key Vault RBAC data-plane role at the vault scope and use approved network controls.
- Configure an Entra application/service principal workload identity federation credential for approved GitHub OIDC claims with scoped Azure RBAC.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The targeted implementation is: Configure an Entra application/service principal workload identity federation credential for approved GitHub OIDC claims with scoped Azure RBAC. The problem is not generic resource availability: Secret-based pipeline identity was used instead of a scoped federated trust configuration. Verify the result by: Run a permitted pipeline and confirm its OIDC token exchanges successfully while a different branch claim is rejected.
Incorrect Answers
A:The option belongs to a different failure mechanism: The workload is coupled to static credentials instead of the expected workload identity token trust. That situation exhibits: Pods fail when an obsolete secret in Kubernetes is removed. For the stated case, the remedy is: Configure an Entra application/service principal workload identity federation credential for approved GitHub OIDC claims with scoped Azure RBAC.
B:That design instead addresses another observed condition: A re-created function loses access because its original system identity principal no longer exists. Its technical cause is: A lifecycle-coupled identity was used where a shared persistent identity was required. The current workload exhibits: Pipeline authentication fails after a stored service principal client secret rotates. Its targeted remedy is: Configure an Entra application/service principal workload identity federation credential for approved GitHub OIDC claims with scoped Azure RBAC.
C:This choice mitigates an alternative scenario, where: The app is resource-group Contributor but receives a 403 when trying to set a secret. The underlying issue there is: Control-plane management permissions do not automatically confer Key Vault data-plane secret rights. Here the root issue is: Secret-based pipeline identity was used instead of a scoped federated trust configuration. Choose the corresponding action: Configure an Entra application/service principal workload identity federation credential for approved GitHub OIDC claims with scoped Azure RBAC.
Question 94
An architect proposes this change: Configure an Entra application/service principal workload identity federation credential for approved GitHub OIDC claims with scoped Azure RBAC. The workload context is: A GitHub Actions release workflow should deploy infrastructure to a restricted Azure subscription without storing a client secret. Which evidence would most directly validate the change?
- Obtain an application token and test writing a permitted secret while confirming an unrelated vault is denied.
- Recreate one function and verify its calls retain the same managed identity client ID and authorization.
- Run a pod with the approved service-account binding and verify token-based SQL access, denying unbound pods.
- Run a permitted pipeline and confirm its OIDC token exchanges successfully while a different branch claim is rejected.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The decisive evidence is: Run a permitted pipeline and confirm its OIDC token exchanges successfully while a different branch claim is rejected. This measures the mechanism of the planned change, not an unrelated Azure service: Configure an Entra application/service principal workload identity federation credential for approved GitHub OIDC claims with scoped Azure RBAC.
Incorrect Answers
A:The alternative test targets: Grant the service principal the appropriate Key Vault RBAC data-plane role at the vault scope and use approved network controls. The scenario's actual proposed remedy is: Configure an Entra application/service principal workload identity federation credential for approved GitHub OIDC claims with scoped Azure RBAC. Verify that one by: Run a permitted pipeline and confirm its OIDC token exchanges successfully while a different branch claim is rejected.
B:This check validates a different workload: Recreate one function and verify its calls retain the same managed identity client ID and authorization. Its associated design is: Attach one user-assigned managed identity to the eligible compute resources and grant its required API permission or Azure role. The required acceptance test here is: Run a permitted pipeline and confirm its OIDC token exchanges successfully while a different branch claim is rejected.
C:That observation pertains to a separate failure: Pods fail when an obsolete secret in Kubernetes is removed. Its cause is: The workload is coupled to static credentials instead of the expected workload identity token trust. It does not confirm the result of this design. The direct proof would be: Run a permitted pipeline and confirm its OIDC token exchanges successfully while a different branch claim is rejected.
Question 95
During architecture troubleshooting, a team reports: Pipeline authentication fails after a stored service principal client secret rotates. Context: A GitHub Actions release workflow should deploy infrastructure to a restricted Azure subscription without storing a client secret. Which underlying design mistake explains the observed behavior most precisely?
- A lifecycle-coupled identity was used where a shared persistent identity was required.
- Control-plane management permissions do not automatically confer Key Vault data-plane secret rights.
- Secret-based pipeline identity was used instead of a scoped federated trust configuration.
- The workload is coupled to static credentials instead of the expected workload identity token trust.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:This is the failure mechanism rather than an incidental symptom: Secret-based pipeline identity was used instead of a scoped federated trust configuration. It accounts for: Pipeline authentication fails after a stored service principal client secret rotates. The architectural repair is: Configure an Entra application/service principal workload identity federation credential for approved GitHub OIDC claims with scoped Azure RBAC.
Incorrect Answers
A:The alternative weakness is: A lifecycle-coupled identity was used where a shared persistent identity was required. Its associated failure is: A re-created function loses access because its original system identity principal no longer exists. Neither explains the present observation: Pipeline authentication fails after a stored service principal client secret rotates. The direct cause here is: Secret-based pipeline identity was used instead of a scoped federated trust configuration.
B:This cause would explain a different symptom: The app is resource-group Contributor but receives a 403 when trying to set a secret. The mechanism for that event is: Control-plane management permissions do not automatically confer Key Vault data-plane secret rights. Here the stated symptom is: Pipeline authentication fails after a stored service principal client secret rotates. Its cause is: Secret-based pipeline identity was used instead of a scoped federated trust configuration.
D:The alternative weakness is: The workload is coupled to static credentials instead of the expected workload identity token trust. Its associated failure is: Pods fail when an obsolete secret in Kubernetes is removed. Neither explains the present observation: Pipeline authentication fails after a stored service principal client secret rotates. The direct cause here is: Secret-based pipeline identity was used instead of a scoped federated trust configuration.
Question 96
The design change is: Configure an Entra application/service principal workload identity federation credential for approved GitHub OIDC claims with scoped Azure RBAC. The original failure was: Pipeline authentication fails after a stored service principal client secret rotates. Which ongoing control best prevents recurrence of the same root cause?
- Review service-account annotations, federated subjects and least-privilege database permissions.
- Review OIDC subject/audience trust and least-privilege scopes as repository branches change.
- Audit the user-assigned identity's assignments when services or environments are retired.
- Audit Key Vault role assignment and access denials after moving vault resources.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The preventive control is: Review OIDC subject/audience trust and least-privilege scopes as repository branches change. It targets the earlier cause: Secret-based pipeline identity was used instead of a scoped federated trust configuration. Confirm ongoing effectiveness by: Run a permitted pipeline and confirm its OIDC token exchanges successfully while a different branch claim is rejected.
Incorrect Answers
A:The proposed control focuses on: The workload is coupled to static credentials instead of the expected workload identity token trust. For the design in the question, recurrence comes from: Secret-based pipeline identity was used instead of a scoped federated trust configuration. A precise prevention step is: Review OIDC subject/audience trust and least-privilege scopes as repository branches change.
C:This is a reasonable safeguard for a different fault: A re-created function loses access because its original system identity principal no longer exists. That different mechanism is: A lifecycle-coupled identity was used where a shared persistent identity was required. The original incident here instead arises from: Secret-based pipeline identity was used instead of a scoped federated trust configuration. The directly relevant safeguard is: Review OIDC subject/audience trust and least-privilege scopes as repository branches change.
D:The proposed control focuses on: Control-plane management permissions do not automatically confer Key Vault data-plane secret rights. For the design in the question, recurrence comes from: Secret-based pipeline identity was used instead of a scoped federated trust configuration. A precise prevention step is: Review OIDC subject/audience trust and least-privilege scopes as repository branches change.
Question 97
A design workshop has this requirement: A financial app demands interactive sign-in requiring phishing-resistant credentials for privileged administrators regardless of user location. Operators currently observe: A privileged user can sign in with an ordinary SMS factor despite the requirement. Select the ONE design remedy that best addresses the root cause.
- Assign the least-privileged supported Microsoft Entra role appropriate for the reset task, scoped through an administrative unit where supported.
- Apply a correctly targeted Microsoft Entra Conditional Access policy requiring an appropriate phishing-resistant authentication strength with tested exclusions.
- Use Microsoft Entra B2B collaboration with an approved guest invitation and application-level assignment or access package.
- Publish the supported web app using Microsoft Entra Application Proxy and a healthy outbound connector group, with Entra preauthentication.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The evidence (A privileged user can sign in with an ordinary SMS factor despite the requirement.) identifies the following cause: An MFA requirement was configured without mandating phishing-resistant authentication methods. The design that removes it is: Apply a correctly targeted Microsoft Entra Conditional Access policy requiring an appropriate phishing-resistant authentication strength with tested exclusions. The acceptance check is: Use report-only or What If evaluation and protected test accounts to verify required strength gates administrator access.
Incorrect Answers
A:That design instead addresses another observed condition: The operator can reset credentials for users outside the assigned business unit. Its technical cause is: Directory role assignment has broader scope than the intended administrative unit. The current workload exhibits: A privileged user can sign in with an ordinary SMS factor despite the requirement. Its targeted remedy is: Apply a correctly targeted Microsoft Entra Conditional Access policy requiring an appropriate phishing-resistant authentication strength with tested exclusions.
C:The option belongs to a different failure mechanism: External collaboration was treated as a permanent internal employee account rather than a governed guest identity. That situation exhibits: The vendor needs unrestricted tenant accounts to reach one internal app. For the stated case, the remedy is: Apply a correctly targeted Microsoft Entra Conditional Access policy requiring an appropriate phishing-resistant authentication strength with tested exclusions.
D:That design instead addresses another observed condition: Remote users access a legacy web app directly without expected Conditional Access controls. Its technical cause is: The application was published by direct inbound exposure instead of Entra-aware proxy preauthentication. The current workload exhibits: A privileged user can sign in with an ordinary SMS factor despite the requirement. Its targeted remedy is: Apply a correctly targeted Microsoft Entra Conditional Access policy requiring an appropriate phishing-resistant authentication strength with tested exclusions.
Question 98
The planned architecture is: Apply a correctly targeted Microsoft Entra Conditional Access policy requiring an appropriate phishing-resistant authentication strength with tested exclusions. Workload context: A financial app demands interactive sign-in requiring phishing-resistant credentials for privileged administrators regardless of user location. Which acceptance test demonstrates that the required behavior works?
- Invite the vendor and verify access only to the approved app under the tenant's external collaboration policies.
- Test an external login against Entra and verify the connector reaches the internal URL without an inbound internet firewall rule.
- Use a test operator to reset an authorized user's password and confirm an out-of-scope user's reset is denied.
- Use report-only or What If evaluation and protected test accounts to verify required strength gates administrator access.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:This observation directly verifies the intended design: Use report-only or What If evaluation and protected test accounts to verify required strength gates administrator access. The architecture being tested is: Apply a correctly targeted Microsoft Entra Conditional Access policy requiring an appropriate phishing-resistant authentication strength with tested exclusions. The original symptom was: A privileged user can sign in with an ordinary SMS factor despite the requirement.
Incorrect Answers
A:This check validates a different workload: Invite the vendor and verify access only to the approved app under the tenant's external collaboration policies. Its associated design is: Use Microsoft Entra B2B collaboration with an approved guest invitation and application-level assignment or access package. The required acceptance test here is: Use report-only or What If evaluation and protected test accounts to verify required strength gates administrator access.
B:That observation pertains to a separate failure: Remote users access a legacy web app directly without expected Conditional Access controls. Its cause is: The application was published by direct inbound exposure instead of Entra-aware proxy preauthentication. It does not confirm the result of this design. The direct proof would be: Use report-only or What If evaluation and protected test accounts to verify required strength gates administrator access.
C:The alternative test targets: Assign the least-privileged supported Microsoft Entra role appropriate for the reset task, scoped through an administrative unit where supported. The scenario's actual proposed remedy is: Apply a correctly targeted Microsoft Entra Conditional Access policy requiring an appropriate phishing-resistant authentication strength with tested exclusions. Verify that one by: Use report-only or What If evaluation and protected test accounts to verify required strength gates administrator access.
Question 99
The customer states: A financial app demands interactive sign-in requiring phishing-resistant credentials for privileged administrators regardless of user location. An incident reveals: A privileged user can sign in with an ordinary SMS factor despite the requirement. What cause best accounts for this evidence?
- An MFA requirement was configured without mandating phishing-resistant authentication methods.
- The application was published by direct inbound exposure instead of Entra-aware proxy preauthentication.
- External collaboration was treated as a permanent internal employee account rather than a governed guest identity.
- Directory role assignment has broader scope than the intended administrative unit.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The incident is explained by: An MFA requirement was configured without mandating phishing-resistant authentication methods. The reported symptom is: A privileged user can sign in with an ordinary SMS factor despite the requirement. The corresponding design fix is: Apply a correctly targeted Microsoft Entra Conditional Access policy requiring an appropriate phishing-resistant authentication strength with tested exclusions.
Incorrect Answers
B:The proposed diagnosis fits another scenario: The application was published by direct inbound exposure instead of Entra-aware proxy preauthentication. It would typically be reflected by: Remote users access a legacy web app directly without expected Conditional Access controls. The current evidence instead supports: An MFA requirement was configured without mandating phishing-resistant authentication methods.
C:The alternative weakness is: External collaboration was treated as a permanent internal employee account rather than a governed guest identity. Its associated failure is: The vendor needs unrestricted tenant accounts to reach one internal app. Neither explains the present observation: A privileged user can sign in with an ordinary SMS factor despite the requirement. The direct cause here is: An MFA requirement was configured without mandating phishing-resistant authentication methods.
D:This cause would explain a different symptom: The operator can reset credentials for users outside the assigned business unit. The mechanism for that event is: Directory role assignment has broader scope than the intended administrative unit. Here the stated symptom is: A privileged user can sign in with an ordinary SMS factor despite the requirement. Its cause is: An MFA requirement was configured without mandating phishing-resistant authentication methods.
Question 100
Workload context: A financial app demands interactive sign-in requiring phishing-resistant credentials for privileged administrators regardless of user location. The implemented remedy is: Apply a correctly targeted Microsoft Entra Conditional Access policy requiring an appropriate phishing-resistant authentication strength with tested exclusions. Which ongoing practice most specifically prevents recurrence of this failure: A privileged user can sign in with an ordinary SMS factor despite the requirement.?
- Maintain emergency access exclusion controls and re-evaluate strength policy after authentication method changes.
- Review role scopes and eligible assignments whenever the business unit's membership changes.
- Require guest access reviews and expiration/removal when the contractual engagement ends.
- Monitor connector health, published app preauthentication and Conditional Access exclusions.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The preventive control is: Maintain emergency access exclusion controls and re-evaluate strength policy after authentication method changes. It targets the earlier cause: An MFA requirement was configured without mandating phishing-resistant authentication methods. Confirm ongoing effectiveness by: Use report-only or What If evaluation and protected test accounts to verify required strength gates administrator access.
Incorrect Answers
B:This is a reasonable safeguard for a different fault: The operator can reset credentials for users outside the assigned business unit. That different mechanism is: Directory role assignment has broader scope than the intended administrative unit. The original incident here instead arises from: An MFA requirement was configured without mandating phishing-resistant authentication methods. The directly relevant safeguard is: Maintain emergency access exclusion controls and re-evaluate strength policy after authentication method changes.
C:The proposed control focuses on: External collaboration was treated as a permanent internal employee account rather than a governed guest identity. For the design in the question, recurrence comes from: An MFA requirement was configured without mandating phishing-resistant authentication methods. A precise prevention step is: Maintain emergency access exclusion controls and re-evaluate strength policy after authentication method changes.
D:That safeguard manages another risk: The application was published by direct inbound exposure instead of Entra-aware proxy preauthentication. Its scenario is: Remote users access a legacy web app directly without expected Conditional Access controls. The present recurring risk is: An MFA requirement was configured without mandating phishing-resistant authentication methods. The proper ongoing control is: Maintain emergency access exclusion controls and re-evaluate strength policy after authentication method changes.
Designing Microsoft Azure Infrastructure Solutions (AZ-305) Practice Tests