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Fortinet NSE4_FGT_AD-7.6 Practice Test 48

Question 470

A site-to-site FortiGate shows tunnel interface vpn-hq as selected route and established IKE/CHILD SAs. `diagnose debug flow` says `Denied by forward policy check`. Why is the traffic blocked?

  1. The IKEv2 exchange uses an invalid DH group.
  2. The remote site is physically unreachable for all traffic.
  3. The application needs a stronger encryption cipher suite.
  4. The forwarded source, destination, interfaces or service do not match a required accept policy for the route-based IPsec path.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

An established route and SA do not override firewall policy; the flow debug identifies the permission stage explicitly.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A live SA contradicts a Phase 1 negotiation-failure explanation.

B:

The recorded deny occurs during local forwarding-policy evaluation.

C:

Changing encryption cannot make an implicit local firewall deny into a permit.

Question 471

A traveling user receives IPsec mode-config address 192.168.1.55 while their home Wi-Fi also uses 192.168.1.0/24. Packets for an office server 192.168.1.100 never enter the tunnel. What is the specific addressing issue?

  1. FortiOS has automatically disabled every Phase 2 proposal.
  2. An overlapping client-local and protected-office prefix makes the destination appear on-link to the client.
  3. The hub DNS response TTL is necessarily zero.
  4. The FortiGate GUI session timed out.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Connected home subnet routes can capture office addresses before tunnel routing; the client pool and split-tunnel scopes need nonoverlapping design.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Address overlap does not prove a cryptographic negotiation failure.

C:

A conflict in destination prefix is a routing issue regardless of DNS TTL.

D:

Management sessions are unrelated to client routing to an overlapping private prefix.

Question 472

IKEv2 Phase 1 completes with DH group 19. The negotiated CHILD SA rekey fails because one peer requires Phase 2 PFS group 14 and the other only offers group 5. Which mismatch is relevant?

  1. The WAN source NAT is necessarily disabled.
  2. The per-CHILD SA Phase 2 PFS group mismatch, not the successful Phase 1 IKE group.
  3. The remote static default route has a lower distance.
  4. The FortiGate IPS category changed.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

IKE and Phase 2 PFS parameters can be negotiated separately; an established parent SA does not mean every child rekey group matches.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A PFS group error does not establish outer NAT status.

C:

Route distance is not the child-SA PFS proposal.

D:

IPS sensor configuration does not select PFS key-exchange groups.

Question 473

An IPsec phase1 uses the remote hostname `branch.example.org`. Its ISP public address changed yesterday, but the DNS A record still returns the previous address and IKE probes go to the old router. What is the fault?

  1. The configured remote-gateway hostname resolves to an obsolete public transport address.
  2. The Phase 2 selector mask is too long.
  3. A web-filter profile has blocked a private LAN category.
  4. The administrator’s browser local storage is stale.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Dynamic DNS is only useful when its record tracks the active peer; IKE initiates to the resolved destination.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Selector scope does not alter DNS resolution of the public IKE endpoint.

C:

The peer public-address resolution failure precedes LAN web policy.

D:

Browser caching does not determine FortiGate IKE remote peer DNS records.

Question 474

Primary and backup IPsec tunnels each have valid CHILD SAs. A dead ISP underlay renders the primary incapable of passing data, but a lower-distance static route keeps it selected. Why is failover not occurring?

  1. The backup needs to use the same hostname as the primary.
  2. Route eligibility is tied only to static preference and not to verified end-to-end primary tunnel/data-path health.
  3. Firewall antivirus settings block all route reevaluation.
  4. IPsec encryption changes the numeric route distance automatically.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

An IPsec SA can appear configured while the underlay path fails; without health-aware withdrawal the static route remains preferred.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Two separate tunnel paths can have different endpoints; hostnames do not determine route withdrawal.

C:

Content inspection does not cause a fixed route to remain preferable during underlay failure.

D:

Cipher selection cannot correct a deliberately lower static distance on a dead path.

Question 475

A FortiGate is behind a carrier NAT that expires idle UDP mappings after 45 seconds. Its configured NAT-T keepalive interval is 60 seconds. The tunnel works only with steady user traffic. What specifically causes idle failure?

  1. The configured keepalive arrives after the NAT mapping expires, so the tunnel loses its usable UDP association while idle.
  2. Phase 2 selectors are the wrong subnet pair.
  3. The IPsec firewall policy is always an implicit deny.
  4. Changing the MTU necessarily fixes a NAT idle mapping.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

NAT-T keepalive should refresh a mapping before its timeout; a longer keepalive interval cannot preserve that mapping.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Steady traffic works, so the immediate symptom is idle transport state rather than a never-matching selector.

C:

Continuous operation proves that relevant user flows can already be permitted.

D:

Packet size is a different variable from a stateful translator’s idle timeout.

Question 476

At the hub, incoming IPsec decrypt counters increment for branch→HQ pings; the hub replies out its local Internet WAN rather than the VPN interface, while its firewall accept policy is correct. What causes the one-way path?

  1. Phase 1 has not authenticated the branch peer.
  2. The return route to the branch protected subnet resolves toward the wrong gateway/interface.
  3. The FortiGate local administrator is in a read-only profile.
  4. The IPS database lacks a web application signature.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Successful decryption proves the inbound CHILD SA path; the outbound route to the branch must separately lead back into IPsec.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A successful encrypted inbound stream contradicts missing peer authentication.

C:

GUI roles do not change an installed return route for data traffic.

D:

Packet reply path selection is routing, not IPS signature coverage.

Question 477

Two IKE peers use certificate authentication. One peer rejects the other despite an unexpired leaf certificate; the logs show `unknown CA` and a configured peer identity mismatch. Which TWO separate properties must be corrected?

  1. Disable all peer certificate validation.
  2. Change only the protected LAN DHCP lease time.
  3. Install or authorize the appropriate issuer/intermediate CA chain in the IKE trust store.
  4. Enable anonymous IKE connections from any gateway.
  5. Match the expected IKE peer ID and approved certificate subject/subjectAltName identity.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A valid-looking leaf is rejected when its issuer chain does not validate to a trusted root.

E:

Even a chain-valid certificate must prove the intended peer identity required by the gateway policy.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This removes authentication and does not correct the established trust policy.

B:

Client lease duration is unrelated to IKE certificate identity and issuer trust.

D:

Anonymous access defeats mutual authentication rather than satisfying it.

Question 478

A packet capture shows FortiGate repeatedly sends UDP/500 IKE_SA_INIT to 198.51.100.4 but sees no response. The intermediate WAN ACL explicitly denies UDP/500 and UDP/4500. What explains the timeout?

  1. An expired application web-filter override blocks the IKE_SA_INIT payload.
  2. A subnet selector mismatch always causes no IKE_SA_INIT response.
  3. The transport ACL is dropping the IKE/NAT-T negotiation packets before the remote gateway can respond.
  4. The local route to a private server is too narrow.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

When UDP/500 and UDP/4500 are blocked, IKE cannot negotiate; this is transport reachability, not proof of an authentication mismatch.

Incorrect Answers

A:

IKE UDP transport is not an ordinary web category request.

B:

Phase 2 selectors are negotiated later than this first IKE exchange.

D:

A LAN host route cannot explain a WAN ACL dropping public peer UDP packets.

Question 479

A route-based VPN remains up initially but experiences 10-second blackouts during each CHILD SA rollover. Tunnel diagnostics show one side retires its ESP SA before the other accepts replacement rekey values. Which scope is at fault?

  1. The Phase 2/CHILD SA lifetime and rekey coordination between peers, which must be compared with negotiated SA logs.
  2. Local-in HTTPS administrative trusted hosts.
  3. Client portal web-filter category ordering.
  4. The length of the IPsec interface description.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

A rekey interruption is a child security association lifecycle issue; an up parent IKE SA can persist throughout.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Management ACLs do not govern child-SA rollover timing.

C:

Web filter evaluation is downstream and unrelated to key rollover agreement.

D:

Interface names do not affect SA expiry or proposal acceptance.

Question 480

A tunnel uses broad 0.0.0.0/0 selectors and the CHILD SA is established; only one approved LAN is supposed to communicate with HQ. What security control still limits forwarding to the approved subnet?

  1. Apply precise routes and firewall accept policy source/destination/service objects despite broad SA selectors.
  2. Assume broad IPsec selectors grant every LAN host transit permission.
  3. Disable all logging so unapproved subnets remain hidden.
  4. Convert the encrypted WAN transport into an administrator management network.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Broad selectors describe possible encryption, but route-based VPN security policies must still authorize actual user traffic.

Incorrect Answers

B:

An established SA cannot bypass ordinary forwarding-policy authorization.

C:

Log suppression does not enforce access control.

D:

Admin interface roles are not the required source/destination security boundary.


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