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CompTIA N10-009 Practice Test 55

Question 540

A network specialist investigates this evidence: A penetration report labels a known unpatched service as confirmed compromise with no malicious activity evidence. Which underlying condition BEST explains the observed failure or requirement?

  1. Clients lack a trusted validation path to the server certificate.
  2. Deception infrastructure could become a pivot into production.
  3. The presented certificate does not match the requested hostname.
  4. Vulnerability existence is being confused with observed exploitation.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Vulnerability existence is being confused with observed exploitation. Risk, weakness and compromise are distinct conclusions.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Clients lack a trusted validation path to the server certificate. That does not establish vulnerability existence is being confused with observed exploitation.

B:

Deception infrastructure could become a pivot into production. That does not establish vulnerability existence is being confused with observed exploitation.

C:

The presented certificate does not match the requested hostname. That does not establish vulnerability existence is being confused with observed exploitation.

Question 541

A network team observes: Clients on one LAN see frequent changes of the gateway MAC and capture frames from a rogue station. What is the MOST appropriate corrective action or technical decision?

  1. Enable supported dynamic ARP inspection and valid binding checks on access switches.
  2. Enable DHCP snooping with trusted server-facing ports and reject untrusted offers.
  3. Apply port security and supported MAC-table resource protections.
  4. Segment endpoints and restrict administrative protocols to authorized jump paths.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Validated ARP mappings block forged gateway associations. An attacker is sending forged arp mappings for the default gateway.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Enabling DHCP snooping with trusted server-facing ports and rejecting untrusted offers would not enable supported dynamic ARP inspection and valid binding checks on access switches.

C:

Applying port security and supported MAC-table resource protections would not enable supported dynamic ARP inspection and valid binding checks on access switches.

D:

Segment endpoints and restrict administrative protocols to authorized jump paths would not enable supported dynamic ARP inspection and valid binding checks on access switches.

Question 542

A network team addresses this situation: Clients on one LAN see frequent changes of the gateway MAC and capture frames from a rogue station. After the corrective action, which test or result BEST verifies that the problem is resolved?

  1. Connect a controlled rogue DHCP server to an untrusted port and inspect dropped offers.
  2. Inject a controlled forged ARP reply and verify its rejection.
  3. Generate controlled source-MAC changes and inspect violation counters.
  4. Simulate unauthorized SMB and RDP connection attempts across zones.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

A forwarded frame uses the local next-hop MAC even when its encapsulated IP destination stays constant.

Incorrect Answers

A:

DHCP assigns client network parameters through a supported lease exchange. That check cannot demonstrate correct Layer 2 next-hop resolution for the intended IP route.

C:

Generate controlled source-MAC changes and inspect violation counters. That check cannot demonstrate correct Layer 2 next-hop resolution for the intended IP route.

D:

SMB and NFS present shared files through file-level permissions rather than raw block devices.

Question 543

A network specialist investigates this evidence: Clients on one LAN see frequent changes of the gateway MAC and capture frames from a rogue station. Which underlying condition BEST explains the observed failure or requirement?

  1. A rogue DHCP server is answering leases on the LAN.
  2. Attack traffic overwhelms MAC-learning capacity.
  3. An attacker is sending forged ARP mappings for the default gateway.
  4. Malware can move laterally through broadly trusted internal protocols.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

An attacker is sending forged ARP mappings for the default gateway. Validated ARP mappings block forged gateway associations.

Incorrect Answers

A:

DHCP assigns client network parameters through a supported lease exchange. That does not establish correct Layer 2 next-hop resolution for the intended IP route.

B:

Limits on MAC learning reduce deliberate table exhaustion. That does not establish correct Layer 2 next-hop resolution for the intended IP route.

D:

Malware can move laterally through broadly trusted internal protocols. That does not establish correct Layer 2 next-hop resolution for the intended IP route.

Question 544

A network team observes: A switch's MAC table saturates and unknown unicast frames flood many unintended ports. What is the MOST appropriate corrective action or technical decision?

  1. Enable supported dynamic ARP inspection and valid binding checks on access switches.
  2. Engage provider-side DDoS filtering or scrubbing before the saturated link.
  3. Restrict trunks to known devices and avoid using sensitive native VLANs.
  4. Apply port security and supported MAC-table resource protections.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Limits on MAC learning reduce deliberate table exhaustion. Attack traffic overwhelms mac-learning capacity.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Enabling supported dynamic ARP inspection and valid binding checks on access switches would not apply port security and supported MAC-table resource protections.

B:

Engage provider-side DDoS filtering or scrubbing would not apply port security and supported MAC-table resource protections.

C:

Restricting trunks to known devices and avoid using sensitive native VLANs would not apply port security and supported MAC-table resource protections.

Question 545

A network team addresses this situation: A switch's MAC table saturates and unknown unicast frames flood many unintended ports. After the corrective action, which test or result BEST verifies that the problem is resolved?

  1. Generate controlled source-MAC changes and inspect violation counters.
  2. Inject a controlled forged ARP reply and verify its rejection.
  3. Run an authorized traffic simulation and measure preserved legitimate throughput.
  4. Send tagged test frames from guest port and confirm secure VLAN isolation.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Generate controlled source-MAC changes and inspect violation counters.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A forwarded frame uses the local next-hop MAC even when its encapsulated IP destination stays constant. That check cannot demonstrate generate controlled source-MAC changes and inspect violation counters.

C:

Run an authorized traffic simulation and measure preserved legitimate throughput. That check cannot demonstrate generate controlled source-MAC changes and inspect violation counters.

D:

VLAN membership and 802.1Q tagging determine which Layer 2 broadcast domain carries each frame. That check cannot demonstrate generate controlled source-MAC changes and inspect violation counters.

Question 546

A network specialist investigates this evidence: A switch's MAC table saturates and unknown unicast frames flood many unintended ports. Which underlying condition BEST explains the observed failure or requirement?

  1. An attacker is sending forged ARP mappings for the default gateway.
  2. Attack traffic overwhelms MAC-learning capacity.
  3. Incoming traffic volume exceeds upstream link capacity.
  4. Native VLAN and trunk access create an unintended VLAN-hop path.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Attack traffic overwhelms MAC-learning capacity. Limits on MAC learning reduce deliberate table exhaustion.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A forwarded frame uses the local next-hop MAC even when its encapsulated IP destination stays constant. That does not establish frame admission and MAC learning on the affected access port.

C:

Incoming traffic volume exceeds upstream link capacity. That does not establish frame admission and MAC learning on the affected access port.

D:

VLAN membership and 802.1Q tagging determine which Layer 2 broadcast domain carries each frame. That does not establish frame admission and MAC learning on the affected access port.

Question 547

A network team observes: A guest endpoint sends double-tagged frames that reach a sensitive VLAN through an improperly designed native trunk. What is the MOST appropriate corrective action or technical decision?

  1. Enable supported dynamic ARP inspection and valid binding checks on access switches.
  2. Apply port security and supported MAC-table resource protections.
  3. Restrict trunks to known devices and avoid using sensitive native VLANs.
  4. Enable DHCP snooping with trusted server-facing ports and reject untrusted offers.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Untrusted access interfaces must not provide trunk behavior. Native vlan and trunk access create an unintended vlan-hop path.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Enabling supported dynamic ARP inspection and valid binding checks on access switches would not restrict trunks to known devices and avoid using sensitive native VLANs.

B:

Applying port security and supported MAC-table resource protections would not restrict trunks to known devices and avoid using sensitive native VLANs.

D:

Enabling DHCP snooping with trusted server-facing ports and rejecting untrusted offers would not restrict trunks to known devices and avoid using sensitive native VLANs.

Question 548

A network team addresses this situation: A guest endpoint sends double-tagged frames that reach a sensitive VLAN through an improperly designed native trunk. After the corrective action, which test or result BEST verifies that the problem is resolved?

  1. Generate controlled source-MAC changes and inspect violation counters.
  2. Inject a controlled forged ARP reply and verify its rejection.
  3. Connect a controlled rogue DHCP server to an untrusted port and inspect dropped offers.
  4. Send tagged test frames from guest port and confirm secure VLAN isolation.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

VLAN membership and 802.1Q tagging determine which Layer 2 broadcast domain carries each frame. Verification of this result involves send tagged test frames from guest port and confirm secure VLAN isolation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Generate controlled source-MAC changes and inspect violation counters. That check cannot demonstrate correct switch VLAN and trunk classification.

B:

A forwarded frame uses the local next-hop MAC even when its encapsulated IP destination stays constant. That check cannot demonstrate correct switch VLAN and trunk classification.

C:

DHCP assigns client network parameters through a supported lease exchange. That check cannot demonstrate correct switch VLAN and trunk classification.

Question 549

A network specialist investigates this evidence: A guest endpoint sends double-tagged frames that reach a sensitive VLAN through an improperly designed native trunk. Which underlying condition BEST explains the observed failure or requirement?

  1. Native VLAN and trunk access create an unintended VLAN-hop path.
  2. An attacker is sending forged ARP mappings for the default gateway.
  3. Attack traffic overwhelms MAC-learning capacity.
  4. Anti-tailgating policy lacks an enforceable entry control.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Native VLAN and trunk access create an unintended VLAN-hop path. Untrusted access interfaces must not provide trunk behavior.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A forwarded frame uses the local next-hop MAC even when its encapsulated IP destination stays constant. That does not establish correct switch VLAN and trunk classification.

C:

Limits on MAC learning reduce deliberate table exhaustion. That does not establish correct switch VLAN and trunk classification.

D:

Anti-tailgating policy lacks an enforceable entry control. That does not establish correct switch VLAN and trunk classification.

Question 550

A network team observes: Client DNS answers point a banking name to an attacker IP despite legitimate authoritative records. What is the MOST appropriate corrective action or technical decision?

  1. Enable DHCP snooping with trusted server-facing ports and reject untrusted offers.
  2. Harden recursive resolver validation and use DNSSEC where supported.
  3. Use certificate-validated enterprise authentication and monitor for rogue APs.
  4. Reject invalid server identity and use authenticated encrypted sessions.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

An intermediary resolver has accepted forged dns content.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Enabling DHCP snooping with trusted server-facing ports and rejecting untrusted offers would not address the need for harden recursive resolver validation and use DNSSEC where supported.

C:

Using certificate-validated enterprise authentication and monitoring for rogue APs would not address the need for harden recursive resolver validation and use DNSSEC where supported.

D:

Rejecting invalid server identity and using authenticated encrypted sessions would not address the need for harden recursive resolver validation and use DNSSEC where supported.


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