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CompTIA CS0-003 Practice Test 57

Question 560

A URL filter blocks 127.0.0.1 but allows alternative numeric and IPv6 loopback spellings. What is the MOST appropriate analyst action based on the evidence?

  1. Apply network egress filtering independent of application hostname checks.
  2. Revalidate every redirect destination and prohibit private-address hops.
  3. Enforce destination allowlists and block internal/metadata address access after DNS resolution.
  4. Canonicalize and validate resolved addresses against prohibited network ranges.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

String-only URL filters can be bypassed using alternative address forms. Close SSRF IP normalization bypass.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Defense-in-depth limits DNS rebinding into internal network targets. It could help contain SSRF through network-level egress rules, but it would not close SSRF IP normalization bypass.

B:

Redirect chains can defeat a one-time destination allowlist. That is relevant to server-side request forgery, not to close SSRF IP normalization bypass.

C:

Server-side fetchers can be coerced into reaching privileged internal endpoints. It would prevent SSRF to cloud metadata, but it would not close SSRF IP normalization bypass.

Question 561

A public API design permits users to request unlimited report exports without per-account resource quotas. Which next step is MOST defensible for the security team?

  1. Add authorization-aware quotas and abuse limits during architectural redesign.
  2. Enforce separation of duties and distinct approval authority.
  3. Validate dataset provenance and apply review gates for high-impact training updates.
  4. Independently validate critical attributes against trusted signals.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Insecure design creates systemic resource exhaustion beyond one coding bug. Introduce resource-governance controls at design level.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Transaction integrity requires governance controls, not just secure software code. It would fix missing dual control in payment design, but it would not introduce resource-governance controls at design level.

C:

Untrusted labels can poison model behavior even when code is bug-free. It could help mitigate training-data poisoning, but it would not introduce resource-governance controls at design level.

D:

Self-declared metadata can be manipulated to bypass model or business controls. That is relevant to insecure design and data poisoning, not to introduce resource-governance controls at design level.

Question 562

An application disables ASLR to make a known exploit test pass predictably. Which action BEST aligns with sound security operations?

  1. Validate integer range and allocation size before copying data.
  2. Restore platform exploit mitigations while fixing the underlying memory bug.
  3. Correct object lifetime and synchronization; test with memory sanitizers.
  4. Add bounds-safe parsing and memory-safe alternatives where feasible.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Address randomization raises exploit difficulty but is not a permanent code fix. Restore ASLR defense in depth.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Integer overflow can produce undersized memory buffers. It would prevent allocation integer overflow, but it would not restore ASLR defense in depth.

C:

Use-after-free can corrupt heap state and potentially enable code execution. That is relevant to buffer and integer overflow defenses, not to restore ASLR defense in depth.

D:

Unchecked copies can corrupt stack or heap memory. It would prevent classic buffer overflow, but it would not restore ASLR defense in depth.

Question 563

An identity provider permits reuse of breached passwords despite available screening. Which response BEST addresses the security problem described?

  1. Replace hard-coded credentials with short-lived scoped identities and vaulted secrets.
  2. Require phishing-resistant MFA and restricted privileged access channels.
  3. Enable password blocklists and strong account compromise monitoring.
  4. Implement least-privilege RBAC and review sensitive resource authorization.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Known-compromised credentials increase password-stuffing success risk. Block known breached passwords.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Ephemeral credentials reduce exposure and limit replay windows. It could help replace long-lived automation credentials, but it would not block known breached passwords.

B:

Strong second factors reduce impact of stolen primary credentials. That is relevant to protection against credential misuse, not to block known breached passwords.

D:

Reducing default reach limits the impact of stolen credentials. It could help mitigate flat authorization exposure, but it would not block known breached passwords.

Question 564

An application stores user passwords using unsalted fast SHA-256. Which investigative or response action BEST fits the evidence?

  1. Rotate affected keys and investigate downstream encrypted data exposure.
  2. Move secrets to protected server-side key management and rotate compromised keys.
  3. Disable weak protocols and configure modern supported TLS versions and suites.
  4. Migrate to a tuned password hashing function with unique salts per credential.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Password hashing needs slow adaptive derivation to resist offline cracking. Fix fast unsalted password storage.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Possible key compromise breaks the trust assumption of existing ciphertext protection. That is relevant to insecure cryptography and secrets, not to fix fast unsalted password storage.

B:

Client-side packaged secrets cannot be considered secret from users. It would remove exposed client encryption secret, but it would not fix fast unsalted password storage.

C:

Modern handshake policy reduces downgrade and cryptographic weakness exposure. It could help harden outdated TLS configuration, but it would not fix fast unsalted password storage.

Question 565

An internal analyst copies production customer data to a personal test environment. What is the MOST appropriate analyst action based on the evidence?

  1. Require masked approved test datasets and restrict production export rights.
  2. Apply endpoint DLP and egress controls based on classification and user authorization.
  3. Restrict sharing to approved audiences and require appropriate expiration.
  4. Extend classification-based controls to USB and local file transfer paths.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Lower-trust development environments should not hold unnecessary sensitive records. Stop production data leak to test.

Incorrect Answers

B:

File encryption does not make unauthorized outbound transfer acceptable. It could help mitigate encrypted archive exfiltration, but it would not stop production data leak to test.

C:

Least-privilege link access reduces uncontrolled confidential distribution. That is relevant to defending against data exfiltration, not to stop production data leak to test.

D:

Protecting one egress channel leaves alternate data movement routes. It would close USB DLP coverage gap, but it would not stop production data leak to test.

Question 566

A C service copies a packet field into a fixed buffer without checking length. Which next step is MOST defensible for the security team?

  1. Validate integer range and allocation size before copying data.
  2. Add bounds-safe parsing and memory-safe alternatives where feasible.
  3. Restore platform exploit mitigations while fixing the underlying memory bug.
  4. Correct object lifetime and synchronization; test with memory sanitizers.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Unchecked copies can corrupt stack or heap memory. Prevent classic buffer overflow.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Integer overflow can produce undersized memory buffers. It could help prevent allocation integer overflow, but it would not prevent classic buffer overflow.

C:

Address randomization raises exploit difficulty but is not a permanent code fix. It would restore ASLR defense in depth, but it would not prevent classic buffer overflow.

D:

Use-after-free can corrupt heap state and potentially enable code execution. It could help remediate use-after-free memory bug, but it would not prevent classic buffer overflow.

Question 567

An API already parameterizes queries but database accounts hold schema-modification privileges. Which action BEST aligns with sound security operations?

  1. Replace string-concatenated SQL with parameterized prepared statements.
  2. Fix the application query construction rather than relying only on signatures.
  3. Reduce the application database principal to least required table operations.
  4. Use tested query parameterization and enforce secure data-access libraries.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Least privilege constrains damage if application code is compromised. Limit database blast radius after injection.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Parameter binding separates user data from executable query syntax. That is relevant to sql injection risk mitigation, not to limit database blast radius after injection.

B:

Edge filtering cannot guarantee coverage of all input encodings. It would implement root cause SQL injection fix, but it would not limit database blast radius after injection.

D:

Handwritten escaping can fail for alternate character sets and contexts. That is relevant to sql injection risk mitigation, not to limit database blast radius after injection.

Question 568

An employee copies sensitive spreadsheets to removable storage to bypass email DLP. Which response BEST addresses the security problem described?

  1. Require masked approved test datasets and restrict production export rights.
  2. Apply endpoint DLP and egress controls based on classification and user authorization.
  3. Restrict sharing to approved audiences and require appropriate expiration.
  4. Extend classification-based controls to USB and local file transfer paths.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Protecting one egress channel leaves alternate data movement routes. Close USB DLP coverage gap.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Lower-trust development environments should not hold unnecessary sensitive records. It would stop production data leak to test, but it would not close USB DLP coverage gap.

B:

File encryption does not make unauthorized outbound transfer acceptable. It could help mitigate encrypted archive exfiltration, but it would not close USB DLP coverage gap.

C:

Least-privilege link access reduces uncontrolled confidential distribution. That is relevant to defending against data exfiltration, not to close USB DLP coverage gap.

Question 569

A file download API checks string prefix before decoding URL-encoded traversal characters. Which investigative or response action BEST fits the evidence?

  1. Decode and normalize fully before applying root-path authorization.
  2. Canonicalize paths and enforce access against a fixed approved file root.
  3. Allowlist template identifiers and avoid direct filesystem path construction.
  4. Replace remote includes with strict server-owned module mappings.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Validation order can permit encoded traversal bypasses. Close encoded traversal validation gap.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Directory bounds must be checked after resolving traversal sequences. That is relevant to path traversal and file inclusion, not to close encoded traversal validation gap.

C:

Trusted identifiers prevent traversal to sensitive local files. It would prevent local file inclusion through template name, but it would not close encoded traversal validation gap.

D:

User-controlled inclusion can fetch attacker-controlled executable content. It could help mitigate remote file inclusion, but it would not close encoded traversal validation gap.

Question 570

A C application uses a freed object when handling concurrent requests. What is the MOST appropriate analyst action based on the evidence?

  1. Restore platform exploit mitigations while fixing the underlying memory bug.
  2. Correct object lifetime and synchronization; test with memory sanitizers.
  3. Add bounds-safe parsing and memory-safe alternatives where feasible.
  4. Validate integer range and allocation size before copying data.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Use-after-free can corrupt heap state and potentially enable code execution. Remediate use-after-free memory bug.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Address randomization raises exploit difficulty but is not a permanent code fix. That is relevant to buffer and integer overflow defenses, not to remediate use-after-free memory bug.

C:

Unchecked copies can corrupt stack or heap memory. It could help prevent classic buffer overflow, but it would not remediate use-after-free memory bug.

D:

Integer overflow can produce undersized memory buffers. That is relevant to buffer and integer overflow defenses, not to remediate use-after-free memory bug.


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