Question 120
A fabric campus must let a traditional access block migrate gradually without replacing every switch simultaneously. The initial change is: Connect the legacy campus to an appropriate fabric border or extended-node handoff with controlled routes and VLAN/service scope. Which continuing control most directly prevents a recurrence of the documented problem: An unconverted legacy VLAN has no communication path to allowed fabric services.
- Monitor endpoint registrations after moves and ensure fabric control-plane redundancy.
- Review border routing, route filtering and transit policies for each new shared service.
- Keep legacy/fabric handoff addresses, VLANs, routes and policy boundaries in migration tests.
- Test identity/segmentation and essential services for every migrated user subnet.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The continuing protective control is: Keep legacy/fabric handoff addresses, VLANs, routes and policy boundaries in migration tests. This addresses the underlying failure mechanism: the migration handoff and fabric border integration were omitted. The corresponding operational check is: verify legacy endpoint reachability through the handoff without unapproved cross-VN traffic.
Incorrect Answers
A:That control reduces a separate risk: Its EID-to-RLOC registration is missing or incorrect in the fabric control plane. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: the migration handoff and fabric border integration were omitted. The specific required safeguard is: keep legacy/fabric handoff addresses, VLANs, routes and policy boundaries in migration tests.
B:That control reduces a separate risk: No viable border handoff/routing policy connects the fabric virtual network to the external domain. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: the migration handoff and fabric border integration were omitted. The specific required safeguard is: keep legacy/fabric handoff addresses, VLANs, routes and policy boundaries in migration tests.
D:That control reduces a separate risk: The required external DHCP relay or policy path was not integrated for migrated fabric endpoints. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: the migration handoff and fabric border integration were omitted. The specific required safeguard is: keep legacy/fabric handoff addresses, VLANs, routes and policy boundaries in migration tests.
Question 121
A fabric underlay uses routed links, but operators plan to turn every spine-facing interface into a client access switchport. The incident evidence is: VXLAN packets are dropped because the remote RLOC is absent from the underlay RIB. Which targeted configuration or design change best addresses the failure?
- Use a fabric edge node that applies policy and VXLAN encapsulation for attached endpoint flows.
- Maintain a routed underlay that carries outer VXLAN reachability; map tenant frames into the intended VNI at fabric endpoints.
- Use the fabric control-plane node/LISP mapping service for endpoint-to-RLOC lookup rather than flooding every fabric edge.
- Use resilient Layer 3 underlay adjacencies to carry overlay RLOC reachability between fabric devices.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The required correction is: Use resilient Layer 3 underlay adjacencies to carry overlay RLOC reachability between fabric devices. The underlying failure mechanism is: The device lacks routed underlay reachability rather than an end-user VLAN trunk. Verify success by carrying out this direct test: check IPv4 routing neighbors and ECMP toward remote fabric RLOC addresses.
Incorrect Answers
A:Using a fabric edge node that applies policy and VXLAN encapsulation for attached endpoint flows would not meet the need for resilient Layer 3 underlay adjacencies to carry overlay RLOC reachability between fabric devices.
B:Maintaining a routed underlay that carries outer VXLAN reachability would not meet the need for resilient Layer 3 underlay adjacencies to carry overlay RLOC reachability between fabric devices.
C:Using the fabric control-plane node/LISP mapping service for endpoint-to-RLOC lookup rather than flooding every fabric edge would not meet the need for resilient Layer 3 underlay adjacencies to carry overlay RLOC reachability between fabric devices.
Question 122
A fabric underlay uses routed links, but operators plan to turn every spine-facing interface into a client access switchport. The proposed remedy is: Use resilient Layer 3 underlay adjacencies to carry overlay RLOC reachability between fabric devices. Which observation would most directly confirm that remedy works as intended?
- Inspect endpoint attachment on the edge and VXLAN forwarding toward the selected remote RLOC.
- Check IPv4 routing neighbors and ECMP toward remote fabric RLOC addresses.
- Check the endpoint registration and map resolution to the correct fabric edge RLOC.
- Trace outer IP VTEP connectivity separately from inner host VLAN and VNIs.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The decisive acceptance observation is: Check IPv4 routing neighbors and ECMP toward remote fabric RLOC addresses. This tests the working mechanism, while the original incident was: vXLAN packets are dropped because the remote RLOC is absent from the underlay RIB.
Incorrect Answers
A:This test measures a different behavior: Inspect endpoint attachment on the edge and VXLAN forwarding toward the selected remote RLOC. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: check IPv4 routing neighbors and ECMP toward remote fabric RLOC addresses.
C:This test measures a different behavior: Check the endpoint registration and map resolution to the correct fabric edge RLOC. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: check IPv4 routing neighbors and ECMP toward remote fabric RLOC addresses.
D:This test measures a different behavior: Trace outer IP VTEP connectivity separately from inner host VLAN and VNIs. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: check IPv4 routing neighbors and ECMP toward remote fabric RLOC addresses.
Question 123
A fabric underlay uses routed links, but operators plan to turn every spine-facing interface into a client access switchport. During troubleshooting: VXLAN packets are dropped because the remote RLOC is absent from the underlay RIB. Which underlying cause best explains the recorded behavior?
- Its EID-to-RLOC registration is missing or incorrect in the fabric control plane.
- The routed underlay cannot reach the remote VTEP/RLOC; extending inner VLANs on transit does not solve this.
- The device lacks routed underlay reachability rather than an end-user VLAN trunk.
- The access switch was not functioning as an SD-Access fabric edge for that VLAN/virtual network.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The actual technical cause is: The device lacks routed underlay reachability rather than an end-user VLAN trunk. It specifically explains the observation: vXLAN packets are dropped because the remote RLOC is absent from the underlay RIB. The correcting configuration is: use resilient Layer 3 underlay adjacencies to carry overlay RLOC reachability between fabric devices.
Incorrect Answers
A:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: An endpoint is reachable on its local edge but remote fabric edges cannot resolve its current location. Here the recorded observation is: vXLAN packets are dropped because the remote RLOC is absent from the underlay RIB. The applicable cause is: the device lacks routed underlay reachability rather than an end-user VLAN trunk.
B:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: The overlay fails even though a host VLAN is manually permitted on one spine-facing switchport. Here the recorded observation is: vXLAN packets are dropped because the remote RLOC is absent from the underlay RIB. The applicable cause is: the device lacks routed underlay reachability rather than an end-user VLAN trunk.
D:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: Remote traffic is bridged out an ordinary trunk rather than encapsulated through the fabric overlay. Here the recorded observation is: vXLAN packets are dropped because the remote RLOC is absent from the underlay RIB. The applicable cause is: the device lacks routed underlay reachability rather than an end-user VLAN trunk.
Question 124
A fabric underlay uses routed links, but operators plan to turn every spine-facing interface into a client access switchport. The initial change is: Use resilient Layer 3 underlay adjacencies to carry overlay RLOC reachability between fabric devices. Which continuing control most directly prevents a recurrence of the documented problem: VXLAN packets are dropped because the remote RLOC is absent from the underlay RIB.
- Validate edge onboarding, VN assignments and overlay reachability in fabric provisioning.
- Monitor endpoint registrations after moves and ensure fabric control-plane redundancy.
- Validate underlay routing and VTEP reachability before onboarding new virtual networks.
- Validate underlay convergence and MTU independently of VN and SGT policy.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The continuing protective control is: Validate underlay convergence and MTU independently of VN and SGT policy. This addresses the underlying failure mechanism: the device lacks routed underlay reachability rather than an end-user VLAN trunk. The corresponding operational check is: check IPv4 routing neighbors and ECMP toward remote fabric RLOC addresses.
Incorrect Answers
A:That control reduces a separate risk: The access switch was not functioning as an SD-Access fabric edge for that VLAN/virtual network. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: the device lacks routed underlay reachability rather than an end-user VLAN trunk. The specific required safeguard is: validate underlay convergence and MTU independently of VN and SGT policy.
B:That control reduces a separate risk: Its EID-to-RLOC registration is missing or incorrect in the fabric control plane. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: the device lacks routed underlay reachability rather than an end-user VLAN trunk. The specific required safeguard is: validate underlay convergence and MTU independently of VN and SGT policy.
C:That control reduces a separate risk: The routed underlay cannot reach the remote VTEP/RLOC; extending inner VLANs on transit does not solve this. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: the device lacks routed underlay reachability rather than an end-user VLAN trunk. The specific required safeguard is: validate underlay convergence and MTU independently of VN and SGT policy.
Question 125
A policy architect needs scalable identity-based segmentation between endpoint groups within one SD-Access virtual network. The incident evidence is: Two endpoints in the same VN communicate although their security groups should be isolated. Which targeted configuration or design change best addresses the failure?
- Assign endpoints to correct SD-Access virtual networks and carry their traffic over the shared routed underlay.
- Use a fabric edge node that applies policy and VXLAN encapsulation for attached endpoint flows.
- Use the fabric control-plane node/LISP mapping service for endpoint-to-RLOC lookup rather than flooding every fabric edge.
- Assign endpoint security group tags and enforce appropriate SGACL policies for the permitted flows.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The required correction is: Assign endpoint security group tags and enforce appropriate SGACL policies for the permitted flows. The underlying failure mechanism is: The SGT mapping or group-based policy enforcement is missing even though the shared VN works. Verify success by carrying out this direct test: test a permitted and prohibited source/destination SGT pairing and inspect enforced policy matches.
Incorrect Answers
A:The endpoint was placed into the wrong virtual network or external fusion routing bypasses isolation. The SGT mapping or group-based policy enforcement is missing even though the shared VN works.
B:The access switch was not functioning as an SD-Access fabric edge for that VLAN/virtual network. The SGT mapping or group-based policy enforcement is missing even though the shared VN works.
C:Its EID-to-RLOC registration is missing or incorrect in the fabric control plane. The SGT mapping or group-based policy enforcement is missing even though the shared VN works.
Question 126
A policy architect needs scalable identity-based segmentation between endpoint groups within one SD-Access virtual network. The proposed remedy is: Assign endpoint security group tags and enforce appropriate SGACL policies for the permitted flows. Which observation would most directly confirm that remedy works as intended?
- Check the endpoint registration and map resolution to the correct fabric edge RLOC.
- Verify distinct VN/VNI assignments and the intended isolated forwarding tables for the two groups.
- Inspect endpoint attachment on the edge and VXLAN forwarding toward the selected remote RLOC.
- Test a permitted and prohibited source/destination SGT pairing and inspect enforced policy matches.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The decisive acceptance observation is: Test a permitted and prohibited source/destination SGT pairing and inspect enforced policy matches. This tests the working mechanism, while the original incident was: two endpoints in the same VN communicate although their security groups should be isolated.
Incorrect Answers
A:This test measures a different behavior: Check the endpoint registration and map resolution to the correct fabric edge RLOC. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: test a permitted and prohibited source/destination SGT pairing and inspect enforced policy matches.
B:This test measures a different behavior: Verify distinct VN/VNI assignments and the intended isolated forwarding tables for the two groups. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: test a permitted and prohibited source/destination SGT pairing and inspect enforced policy matches.
C:This test measures a different behavior: Inspect endpoint attachment on the edge and VXLAN forwarding toward the selected remote RLOC. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: test a permitted and prohibited source/destination SGT pairing and inspect enforced policy matches.
Question 127
A policy architect needs scalable identity-based segmentation between endpoint groups within one SD-Access virtual network. During troubleshooting: Two endpoints in the same VN communicate although their security groups should be isolated. Which underlying cause best explains the recorded behavior?
- Its EID-to-RLOC registration is missing or incorrect in the fabric control plane.
- The SGT mapping or group-based policy enforcement is missing even though the shared VN works.
- The endpoint was placed into the wrong virtual network or external fusion routing bypasses isolation.
- The access switch was not functioning as an SD-Access fabric edge for that VLAN/virtual network.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The actual technical cause is: The SGT mapping or group-based policy enforcement is missing even though the shared VN works. It specifically explains the observation: two endpoints in the same VN communicate although their security groups should be isolated. The correcting configuration is: assign endpoint security group tags and enforce appropriate SGACL policies for the permitted flows.
Incorrect Answers
A:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: An endpoint is reachable on its local edge but remote fabric edges cannot resolve its current location. Here the recorded observation is: two endpoints in the same VN communicate although their security groups should be isolated. The applicable cause is: the SGT mapping or group-based policy enforcement is missing even though the shared VN works.
C:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: A guest endpoint unexpectedly reaches internal finance services across the campus. Here the recorded observation is: two endpoints in the same VN communicate although their security groups should be isolated. The applicable cause is: the SGT mapping or group-based policy enforcement is missing even though the shared VN works.
D:That diagnosis is supported by a different symptom: Remote traffic is bridged out an ordinary trunk rather than encapsulated through the fabric overlay. Here the recorded observation is: two endpoints in the same VN communicate although their security groups should be isolated. The applicable cause is: the SGT mapping or group-based policy enforcement is missing even though the shared VN works.
Question 128
A policy architect needs scalable identity-based segmentation between endpoint groups within one SD-Access virtual network. Select TWO complementary decisions: the direct technical remedy and a safeguard against recurrence. A verification-only step cannot substitute for either action.
- Use the fabric control-plane node/LISP mapping service for endpoint-to-RLOC lookup rather than flooding every fabric edge.
- Assign endpoints to correct SD-Access virtual networks and carry their traffic over the shared routed underlay.
- Assign endpoint security group tags and enforce appropriate SGACL policies for the permitted flows.
- Validate edge onboarding, VN assignments and overlay reachability in fabric provisioning.
- Audit tag propagation and policy matrix changes separately from VN-level routing.
Explanation
Correct Answers
C:The required correction is: Assign endpoint security group tags and enforce appropriate SGACL policies for the permitted flows. The underlying failure mechanism is: The SGT mapping or group-based policy enforcement is missing even though the shared VN works. Verify success by carrying out this direct test: test a permitted and prohibited source/destination SGT pairing and inspect enforced policy matches.
E:The continuing protective control is: Audit tag propagation and policy matrix changes separately from VN-level routing. This addresses the underlying failure mechanism: the SGT mapping or group-based policy enforcement is missing even though the shared VN works. The corresponding operational check is: test a permitted and prohibited source/destination SGT pairing and inspect enforced policy matches.
Incorrect Answers
A:LISP endpoint location mapping does not provide the identity-based access matrix needed between groups in the same virtual network.
B:Assigning separate virtual networks solves a different segmentation problem; the scenario asks for group-specific controls within one virtual network.
D:That control reduces a separate risk: The access switch was not functioning as an SD-Access fabric edge for that VLAN/virtual network. For the described design, the recurring risk arises from: the SGT mapping or group-based policy enforcement is missing even though the shared VN works. The specific required safeguard is: audit tag propagation and policy matrix changes separately from VN-level routing.
Question 129
A central campus migration introduces SD-Access but existing campus users still depend on a shared DHCP and DNS service outside the fabric. The incident evidence is: New fabric devices get APIPA/no lease while static-IP devices reach the fabric gateway. Which targeted configuration or design change best addresses the failure?
- Use the fabric control-plane node/LISP mapping service for endpoint-to-RLOC lookup rather than flooding every fabric edge.
- Use a fabric edge node that applies policy and VXLAN encapsulation for attached endpoint flows.
- Route approved shared services through the fabric handoff with correct helper/service reachability and policy.
- Connect the legacy campus to an appropriate fabric border or extended-node handoff with controlled routes and VLAN/service scope.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The required correction is: Route approved shared services through the fabric handoff with correct helper/service reachability and policy. The underlying failure mechanism is: The required external DHCP relay or policy path was not integrated for migrated fabric endpoints. Verify success by carrying out this direct test: confirm a new fabric endpoint receives DHCP and resolves DNS via the approved external service.
Incorrect Answers
A:Using the fabric control-plane node/LISP mapping service for endpoint-to-RLOC lookup rather than flooding every fabric edge would not route approved shared services through the fabric handoff with correct helper/service reachability and policy.
B:Using a fabric edge node that applies policy and VXLAN encapsulation for attached endpoint flows would not route approved shared services through the fabric handoff with correct helper/service reachability and policy.
D:Connecting the legacy campus to an appropriate fabric border or extended-node handoff with controlled routes and VLAN/service scope would not route approved shared services through the fabric handoff with correct helper/service reachability and policy.
Question 130
A central campus migration introduces SD-Access but existing campus users still depend on a shared DHCP and DNS service outside the fabric. The proposed remedy is: Route approved shared services through the fabric handoff with correct helper/service reachability and policy. Which observation would most directly confirm that remedy works as intended?
- Check the endpoint registration and map resolution to the correct fabric edge RLOC.
- Inspect endpoint attachment on the edge and VXLAN forwarding toward the selected remote RLOC.
- Verify legacy endpoint reachability through the handoff without unapproved cross-VN traffic.
- Confirm a new fabric endpoint receives DHCP and resolves DNS via the approved external service.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The decisive acceptance observation is: Confirm a new fabric endpoint receives DHCP and resolves DNS via the approved external service. This tests the working mechanism, while the original incident was: new fabric devices get APIPA/no lease while static-IP devices reach the fabric gateway.
Incorrect Answers
A:This test measures a different behavior: Check the endpoint registration and map resolution to the correct fabric edge RLOC. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: confirm a new fabric endpoint receives DHCP and resolves DNS via the approved external service.
B:This test measures a different behavior: Inspect endpoint attachment on the edge and VXLAN forwarding toward the selected remote RLOC. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: confirm a new fabric endpoint receives DHCP and resolves DNS via the approved external service.
C:This test measures a different behavior: Verify legacy endpoint reachability through the handoff without unapproved cross-VN traffic. It does not establish the target outcome. For the documented fault, the direct acceptance test is: confirm a new fabric endpoint receives DHCP and resolves DNS via the approved external service.
Implementing Cisco Enterprise Network Core Technologies (ENCOR) (350-401) Practice Tests