Axis Communications AX0-100 Exam Dumps & Practice Test Questions

Question 1:

What term best describes the feature of an AXIS P1346 camera that allows simultaneous viewing and recording of up to four separate areas within the entire image?

A. Multicast streaming
B. Multi-view streaming
C. Broadcast streaming
D. Multi-link streaming

Answer: B

Explanation:

The AXIS P1346 camera is equipped with a specialized feature enabling users to simultaneously monitor and record multiple distinct sections of the camera’s full image. This capability is referred to as Multi-view streaming. It is particularly valuable in surveillance contexts where a wider and more detailed monitoring of various zones within a single camera’s field of view is necessary. Multi-view streaming divides the full image into separate areas, allowing these to be streamed or recorded independently at the same time, which increases the efficiency and effectiveness of surveillance operations.

Let’s analyze the other choices:

• A. Multicast streaming involves sending data from one source to multiple receivers simultaneously over a network. Although useful in network broadcasting, it does not refer to segmenting the camera’s image into multiple views.

• C. Broadcast streaming means sending a stream to all possible recipients on a network, but again, this doesn’t involve multiple views of a single image.

• D. Multi-link streaming is not a commonly recognized term related to dividing a single camera’s view into multiple sections; instead, it might suggest multiple connections or data streams but lacks the specificity of viewing multiple image areas.

Thus, the term Multi-view streaming (option B) most accurately describes the AXIS P1346’s ability to display and record four distinct areas of its overall image simultaneously.

Question 2:

Why does a camera lens with a low f-stop value, such as 1.2, perform better than one with a higher f-stop number?

A. Better depth of field
B. Better low light capability
C. Improved sharpness
D. Less image artifacts

Answer: B

Explanation:

The f-stop value of a lens defines the size of its aperture, which controls how much light passes through the lens to reach the camera sensor. A lower f-stop number, like f/1.2, indicates a larger aperture opening, allowing significantly more light to enter the lens than a lens with a higher f-stop value (e.g., f/8 or f/16). This characteristic makes lenses with low f-stop values highly advantageous for shooting in low light environments. With more light entering the camera, photographers can use faster shutter speeds or lower ISO settings, which reduces motion blur and noise, resulting in clearer, brighter images.

Now, let's consider the other options:

• A. Better depth of field: While a low f-stop lens produces a shallower depth of field, which helps isolate subjects with a blurred background (bokeh), this doesn’t directly explain superior overall performance. Shallow depth of field is more an artistic effect than a measure of lens quality in difficult lighting.

• C. Improved sharpness: Sharpness depends on various factors including lens quality and aperture, but very low f-stop lenses often have softer edges due to the wide aperture. The sharpest images typically occur at mid-range apertures like f/5.6 or f/8.

• D. Less image artifacts: The amount of lens artifacts such as chromatic aberration or flare depends on optical design and coatings, not on aperture size directly. Therefore, f-stop does not guarantee fewer image artifacts.

In summary, the main advantage of a low f-stop lens like f/1.2 lies in its better low light capability (option B) because it allows significantly more light to enter, making it possible to capture bright and clear images even in dim conditions.

Question 3:

What is the maximum length allowed for a 100BaseTX Ethernet cable carrying an 802.3at Power over Ethernet (PoE) connection between a switch and a network camera without using any extenders or repeaters?

A. 50 meters (164 feet)
B. 100 meters (328 feet)
C. 150 meters (492 feet)
D. 500 meters (1640 feet)

Correct Answer: B

Explanation:

The 100BaseTX Ethernet standard, commonly referred to as Fast Ethernet, defines a maximum cable length of 100 meters (328 feet) between network devices without requiring any additional signal boosters such as extenders or repeaters. This limit is based on the physical characteristics of twisted-pair cabling—usually Cat5e or Cat6—and is designed to ensure reliable data transmission with minimal signal degradation.

When adding Power over Ethernet (PoE) functionality under the 802.3at standard (also known as PoE+), which supplies up to 25.5 watts of power, the maximum cable length remains the same. This means that both data and power can be transmitted over the same cable but only up to the standard maximum distance of 100 meters. Devices like IP cameras, which are common PoE recipients, are engineered to operate efficiently within this range.

Let’s consider why the other options are incorrect:

• A (50 meters): This distance is well below the Ethernet standard. Although cable quality or environmental factors may reduce the effective range, the Ethernet and PoE specifications officially support longer distances.

• C (150 meters): Exceeding 100 meters without signal amplification or extenders would cause unacceptable signal loss, resulting in unreliable network connectivity and potential power delivery failure.

• D (500 meters): This distance is far beyond the reach of standard Ethernet and PoE cables without specialized equipment like fiber optics or repeaters to regenerate the signal.

Therefore, the correct maximum length for a 100BaseTX Ethernet cable carrying 802.3at PoE is 100 meters (328 feet), making B the correct answer.

Question 4:

Which technology can be integrated by a Video Management Software (VMS) partner to minimize disruptions in video recording when the server undergoes maintenance?

A. Local storage within the camera
B. Metadata streaming
C. AXIS Camera Application Platform (ACAP)
D. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Correct Answer: A

Explanation:

During server maintenance, one of the biggest concerns for video surveillance systems is ensuring continuous recording without losing any footage. The most effective way to reduce the impact on recorded video during such downtime is to use local storage at the camera.

Local storage, typically through SD cards or embedded flash memory within the camera, enables the camera to independently store video footage even when the central Video Management Software (VMS) server is offline or unavailable. This ensures no interruption in recording since the camera does not rely on the server for storing data temporarily. After the server maintenance is complete and the server is back online, the locally stored video can be uploaded to the main system, preserving the continuity and integrity of the surveillance record.

Examining the other options clarifies why they are less suitable:

• B (Metadata streaming): Metadata enhances video content by providing additional information like motion detection or object recognition. However, it does not address how video footage is stored during server outages.

• C (AXIS Camera Application Platform - ACAP): ACAP allows installation of third-party apps on Axis cameras, enabling analytics and other features. While beneficial, it does not specifically solve the problem of maintaining video recording continuity during server downtime.

• D (SNMP): This protocol is useful for monitoring and managing network devices but does not facilitate storage or recording continuity.

In summary, the best technology to ensure uninterrupted video recording during server maintenance is local storage within the camera, making option A the optimal choice.

Question 5:

A Day & Night camera automatically removes its IR-cut filter in low-light conditions, making it sensitive to infrared light. Which infrared wavelength is the camera most responsive to?

A. 850 nm
B. 950 nm
C. 1140 nm
D. 1350 nm

Answer: A

Explanation:

Day & Night cameras are engineered to operate effectively both in bright daylight and in dim or dark environments. To achieve this dual functionality, they include an IR-cut filter that blocks infrared light during the day to produce accurate color images. When lighting conditions drop, the camera automatically removes this filter, enabling it to capture infrared (IR) light, which helps improve image clarity at night.

The camera’s sensitivity to IR light depends on the wavelength of the infrared spectrum it can detect. Among the choices, the 850 nanometer (nm) wavelength is the most commonly used in such cameras for night vision. This particular wavelength strikes a balance between good image quality and minimal visible light emission. Since 850 nm is just beyond the visible light spectrum, it allows the camera to capture clearer images in darkness while producing only a faint red glow, reducing the chance of alerting people to the camera’s presence.

Option B, 950 nm, is another IR wavelength used in some cameras. While it emits even less visible light and can sometimes offer better concealment, it generally requires stronger IR illumination and may have slightly less effective image quality at night compared to 850 nm.

Wavelengths like 1140 nm and 1350 nm fall into the near-infrared or short-wave infrared range and are typically employed in specialized fields such as industrial inspection or scientific research. They are not commonly used for general surveillance cameras because they require more powerful and expensive IR light sources and are less efficient in typical security environments.

In summary, option A (850 nm) is the best answer because it represents the standard infrared wavelength used in Day & Night security cameras, offering the optimal balance of visibility, image quality, and covert operation.

Question 6:

Which three of the following statements about multicast video streaming are correct?

A. Multicast helps reduce bandwidth usage in a network
B. Multicast is generally not used for streaming video over the internet
C. Multicast relies on TCP as its transport protocol
D. Multicast increases the number of viewers a camera or encoder can support from a limited amount to virtually unlimited
E. RTSP streams are always transmitted using multicast

Answer: A, B, D

Explanation:

Multicast video streaming is a technique that efficiently distributes video data to multiple users by sending a single copy of the stream that can be accessed by many receivers. This method differs from unicast streaming, where a separate stream is sent to each viewer individually, potentially overwhelming network bandwidth.

Let’s evaluate each statement:

A. True. Multicast conserves network bandwidth by transmitting one data stream that many viewers can access simultaneously. This avoids sending duplicate data packets for each viewer, making it highly efficient, especially in environments like corporate networks or campuses with many viewers.

B. True. While multicast works well on local networks or controlled environments, it is rarely used for streaming over the public internet. The global internet infrastructure does not broadly support multicast routing due to technical challenges and limited ISP support, so multicast is mostly confined to private networks.

C. False. Multicast commonly uses UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). UDP is connectionless and allows data to be sent to multiple receivers without establishing a direct connection, which is ideal for live video streaming where occasional packet loss is acceptable. TCP’s reliability mechanisms create overhead and latency, making it unsuitable for multicast.

D. True. Because multicast transmits one stream to multiple receivers, the number of viewers does not significantly impact the bandwidth. This allows a camera or encoder to support a theoretically unlimited number of viewers without additional strain on the network, vastly expanding viewer capacity compared to unicast streaming.

E. False. RTSP (Real-Time Streaming Protocol) is a control protocol that can operate over both unicast and multicast networks. It does not mandate multicast streaming exclusively; many RTSP streams are delivered using unicast, especially over the internet.

Therefore, the correct choices that accurately describe multicast streaming properties are A, B, and D.

Question 7:

What is the most effective recommendation for integrating network surveillance cameras into an existing Ethernet network?

A. It is not advisable because the bandwidth needed for surveillance video would likely overwhelm the network.
B. Implement VLANs to isolate surveillance video traffic from other network traffic, helping to prevent congestion.
C. It will result in unacceptable video delays due to UDP traffic taking priority on the network.
D. Establish VPN connections to the cameras to protect against unauthorized access to the video streams.

Answer: B

Explanation:

When incorporating surveillance cameras into an Ethernet network, a key consideration is how the video data impacts overall network performance. Video streams are typically high-bandwidth and continuous, which means they can consume a significant portion of the network’s capacity if unmanaged, potentially causing congestion that affects other critical services. Therefore, the strategy for handling this additional traffic must balance performance and security without degrading user experience.

Option A suggests avoiding adding cameras altogether due to bandwidth concerns. While congestion is a valid concern, this approach is too restrictive. Modern network management offers ways to mitigate congestion, so simply rejecting camera integration is an overly cautious and impractical stance.

Option B offers the best practical solution. Using VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) to segment surveillance traffic from general network traffic creates logical separation. This isolation allows administrators to allocate bandwidth efficiently and apply policies like traffic prioritization, ensuring video streams do not interfere with other network functions. VLANs also simplify monitoring and troubleshooting, which are essential for maintaining a stable network environment.

Option C points to video latency caused by UDP traffic. It is true that many cameras use UDP to stream video because it reduces delay by skipping acknowledgments. However, latency issues can be controlled with proper network configurations such as Quality of Service (QoS) and VLAN segmentation. UDP traffic alone does not guarantee unacceptable latency.

Option D addresses security by recommending VPNs to encrypt camera streams and prevent eavesdropping. While securing video streams is important, VPNs introduce extra overhead and latency, which can negatively affect video quality. VPNs are more suitable when cameras are accessed remotely over untrusted networks, but for local network traffic management, they are not the primary solution.

In conclusion, B is the most effective recommendation because VLANs allow network administrators to segregate and manage surveillance traffic, preventing congestion and optimizing overall network performance without sacrificing security or video quality.

Question 8:

Which option enables users to access between two and four channels of live and recorded video anytime?

A. AXIS Camera Station
B. AXIS Video Hosting System (AVHS)
C. AXIS Camera Management
D. AXIS Media Control

Answer: B

Explanation:

The AXIS Video Hosting System (AVHS) is specifically designed to provide users with remote access to live and recorded video streams from network cameras, typically supporting a limited number of channels — usually between two and four. This system offers a straightforward web-based interface that allows customers to view live footage and review stored videos conveniently, making it ideal for small to medium-scale surveillance setups or remote monitoring scenarios.

Option A, AXIS Camera Station, is a more comprehensive and powerful video management software aimed at enterprise-level deployments. It supports numerous cameras with advanced features like event management, detailed recording schedules, and analytics. Because it’s designed for larger, more complex systems, it doesn’t precisely match the question’s focus on accessing a limited number of channels.

Option C, AXIS Camera Management, is a tool focused on the configuration and management of AXIS cameras. Its primary function is to facilitate firmware updates, camera discovery, and health monitoring but not to provide direct video access or playback capabilities.

Option D, AXIS Media Control, is a browser plugin that enables video streams from AXIS cameras to be displayed in web browsers. While it supports video rendering, it does not inherently offer a dedicated system for accessing multiple live and stored video channels in an organized way.

Therefore, B (AXIS Video Hosting System) is the correct choice because it is designed to meet the specific requirement of accessing between two to four channels of live and recorded video anytime, with ease and reliability. This solution balances simplicity and functionality for users who need straightforward remote video access without the complexity of full-scale management software.

Question 9:

What is the primary cause of flickering seen in images or videos?

A. IR light
B. White light
C. Lack of light
D. Fluorescent light

Answer: D

Explanation:

Image flickering commonly occurs due to the characteristics of fluorescent lighting. Unlike other light sources, fluorescent bulbs generate light through an electrical process involving the excitation of mercury vapor inside the tube, which emits ultraviolet light that then stimulates a phosphor coating to produce visible light. This process relies on alternating current (AC), which causes the light output to rapidly fluctuate — often many times per second. While the human eye usually cannot detect this rapid cycling, cameras and video sensors capture these changes, resulting in visible flickering or instability in the recorded image.

Infrared (IR) light (option A) is outside the visible spectrum and is mainly used in specialized applications such as night vision or remote controls; it does not cause flickering in normal image capture. White light (option B) is simply a combination of all visible colors and can come from many sources like LEDs or incandescent bulbs, which generally emit steady light without flickering. A lack of light (option C) may cause dark or grainy images but does not produce flicker; flickering requires a fluctuating light source rather than absence of illumination.

Because fluorescent lights inherently cycle on and off many times per second due to their power source, they are the most common culprit behind flickering in images and videos. This effect is often observed indoors where fluorescent tubes are prevalent, especially in office or commercial environments. Cameras can counteract this flicker by adjusting their shutter speed or using anti-flicker settings. In conclusion, fluorescent light is the main reason for image flickering in typical visual recording situations.

Question 10:

According to the image, which adjustment would best reduce blur caused by fast-moving subjects?

A. Increase image brightness
B. Modify exposure settings
C. Disable backlight compensation
D. Increase image contrast

Answer: B

Explanation:

Motion blur occurs when the camera’s exposure time is too long relative to the speed of moving objects. When an object moves quickly while the camera’s shutter remains open for an extended period, the motion is captured as a streak or blur. To reduce this blur, the key is to decrease the exposure duration, allowing the sensor to capture a shorter moment in time, thereby freezing the motion more effectively.

Adjusting exposure settings (option B) typically involves shortening the shutter speed. By reducing the amount of time the sensor is exposed to light, fast-moving objects appear sharper because less movement is recorded during the frame capture. This is the most direct and effective way to combat motion blur.

Increasing image brightness (option A) affects the overall light level in the image but does not influence how long the shutter remains open. In fact, increasing brightness without adjusting shutter speed can sometimes worsen blur because a longer exposure might be needed to gather light. Disabling backlight compensation (option C) primarily adjusts how the camera deals with bright backgrounds behind subjects but does not impact motion blur. Increasing contrast (option D) enhances the difference between light and dark areas, making images look sharper, but it does not correct blurring caused by movement—it only makes the blur more noticeable.

In summary, the best way to reduce blur from fast-moving subjects is by modifying the exposure settings to shorten the exposure time or shutter speed, which captures a crisper, clearer image. Thus, option B is correct.